Reformation
He was the German monk who started the reformation.
Who was Martin Luther?
The word "Renaissance" is the French word for this.
What is rebirth?
He painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Vatican city, as well as created the famous sculptures Pieta, Moses, and David.
Who was Michelangelo?
This event caused the deaths of tens of millions of Europeans during the Renaissance, but also helped end feudalism as limited numbers of remaining farm workers were able to bargain for more rights.
What is the Black Plague (or Black Death)?
The Polish astronomer who first declared the sun, not the earth, was the center of the solar system. He didn't publish his writings until his death bed to protect himself from the wrath of the church.
Who was Nicholas Copernicus?
This was the practice of selling forgiveness of sins for money that angered Protestants.
What are indulgences?
The Renaissance began in this European country.
What is Italy?
He painted the Mona Lisa and Last Supper.
Who was Leonardo da Vinci?
These military campaigns to retake the Holy Land from Muslim Turks caused an increase in trade around the Mediterranean, which then led to the rise of a wealthy merchant class in Italy and other places.
What are the Crusades?
This English mathematician and scientist was famous for inventing calculus, creating his laws of motion, and developing theories on gravity and orbit.
Who was Sir Issac Newton?
These were Martin Luther's list of grievances against the Roman Catholic Church which he nailed to the door of the Wittenberg, Germany church.
What are the 95 Theses?
It is the non-religious belief system found in Ancient Greek and Roman writings that focused on people, their achievements, their potential, and basic morals common to all people.
What is humanism?
It is the art style created in the Renaissance that focused on perspective and creating figures that looked true-to-life, unlike the art of the Middle Ages.
What is realism?
This man's creation of movable type caused books to be made cheaply and become more available to people everywhere. This allowed new ideas to spread rapidly.
Who was Johannes Gutenberg?
Niccolo Machiavelli wrote this famous book as a how-to manual for Lorenzo d'Medici to teach him how to seize and maintain political power.
What is The Prince?
The Church of England was created by this king in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church after he was not allowed a divorce from his wife by the pope.
Who was King Henry VIII?
Rome, Milan, and Florence were examples of locally-controlled regions known as what.
What are city-states?
This is the word for a person who supports artists financially by commissioning them to create art.
What is a patron?
This English playwright and poet caused a transformation to the English language by creating famous idioms like "wild goose chase" and "seen better days," and by popularizing names like "Olivia," "Miranda," and "Jessica."
Who was William Shakespeare?
Dante Alighieri wrote this famous story about a journey through the afterlife. It's three parts are called Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, and it was one of the first books every written in a commonly-spoken language instead of Latin.
What is the Divine Comedy?
This man wrote about wanting to return the church to a more simple version of Christianity without all the pomp and pageantry.
Who was Erasmus?
This wealthy family of bankers were famous supporters of artists and writers in Florence.
Who were the Medicis?
This is a type of mural painting that is painted on freshly-laid, wet plaster. The Sistine Chapel paintings are a great example.
What is a fresco?
Inventions like telescopes, microscopes, and new types of mathematics caused this kind of revolution.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
This "father of modern science" was famous for confirming heliocentric theory, discovering Jupiter's moons using a telescope, dropping weighted balls from a tower to prove gravity affects all things equally, and using experiments--not ancient writings--to understand the universe.
Who was Galileo Galilei?