Art and Architecture
This Renaissance artist is best known for his realistic paintings, including the Last Supper and Mona Lisa, but he was good at almost everything he tried.
Who is Leonardo DaVinci?
After a long series of religious wars, European countries finally signed this treaty, recognizing every country's right to choose its own official religion.
What is the Peace of Westphalia?
The German Monk who posted 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg. He would eventually start the entire Protestant Reformation.
Who is Martin Luther?
Feudalism declined when these places gained wealth and power instead.
What are cities?
The Theory of Gravity was described by this English scientist, supposedly after an apple fell on his head.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This Renaissance artist, who loved sculpture best, spent four years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
Who is Michelangelo?
This renaissance philosophy inspired artists to focus on the human experience and earthly life, rather than only heaven.
What is Humanism?
Unlike Luther, this Protestant leader believed that God already determined who would and wouldn't go to heaven.
Who is John Calvin?
A new social class that developed in the early Renaissance; they were common people, but as rich as nobles through their business.
What is the Mercantile Class?
The invention of the printing press made books cheaper and easier to make. As a result, more people gained this ability to read.
What is literacy?
This English playwright is credited with inventing over a thousand new English words.
Who is William Shakespeare?
Protestant thinkers often encouraged this form of government, which would eventually influence the United States.
What is self-government/Federalism?
The Catholic Church officially responded to the Protestant Reformation in these two ways:
What are the Council of Trent and the Inquisition?
Italy became the birthplace of the Renaissance, likely because this social system was not as strong there.
What is Feudalism?
Unlike scientists in Protestant Northern Europe, these two Heliocentrists were censored and faced religious consequences for their work.
Who are Copernicus and Galileo?
Renaissance artists used this technique to make drawings and paintings appear three-dimensional.
What is linear perspective?
This renaissance philosophy stated that religious faith didn't have to be the center of everything in life.
What is Secularism?
This organization within the Catholic Church, founded by Ignatius of Loyola, was organized like a military. Their mission was to spread the Catholic faith and to save its reputation.
Who are the Jesuits?
Most of the wealth in Florence was controlled by this wealthy Mercantile Class family, because they owned and controlled all the banks. Their wealth allowed Michelangelo to get his start.
Who are the Medici?
The Scientific Revolution was based on this way of thinking, preserved through the middle ages by Muslim and Jewish scholars.
What is Rationalism?
This German artist is known as the "Leonardo of the North" due to his engraving work and incredible realism.
Who is Albrecht Durer?
The Protestant Reformation led to the decline of this religious institution, allowing kings to take their place as the most powerful people in Europe.
What is the Catholic Church?
This early English reformer was burned at the stake for translating the Bible into English.
Who is William Tyndale?
Artists were supported by rich people and organizations through this type of sponsorship. It allowed the artists to live and do their art, but they created works specifically for their wealthy clients.
What is patronage?
The belief that all knowledge comes through observation and experimentation, promoted by Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes.
What is Empiricism?