Renaissance
What does Renaissance mean? From what language is it?
Who was the first person to sail directly from Europe to India? His success in doing so proved to be one of the more instrumental moments in the history of navigation.
Vasco de Gama
Where did Renaissance started? When?
The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy. It emerged during the 14th century.
What was the reason for the Age of Discovery? What did they want? Why start sailing?
The Age of Discovery (15th–17th centuries) was sparked by the need to bypass the ancient and increasingly restricted Silk Road routes. European nations wanted direct, cheaper sea access to Asia's highly lucrative goods—like silk, spices, and porcelain—without dealing with heavily taxed overland networks or foreign middlemen
A system of values and beliefs that is based on the idea that people are basically good and that problems can be solved using reason instead of religion
Humanism
Name at least 3 Renaissance artists and 1 piece of their art:
Leonarda da Vinci - Mona Lisa, Last Supper
Michelangelo - Statue of David, Sistine Chapel
Raphael - School of Athens
Machiavelli - The Prince
Explain positive and negative effects of the Columbian Exchange on the entire world.
New ideas and products being exchanged between various parts of the world, etc.
Diseases spread, etc.
What does patron mean?
A wealthy supporter of the arts
Who was Christopher Columbus? Why was he famous?
Christopher Columbus is one of the most famous explorers in history, often credited with discovering America. While he wasn't the first person to set foot on the continent, his voyage is considered the starting point of the exploration and colonization of America.
Who started the Protestant Reformation? Why did it start?
Martin Luther, nailed 95 theses criticizing Catholic church for selling indulgences (Letters a sinner could buy to get salvation - forgiveness for a sin).
What is "heliocentric theory"? Explain it and who discovered it:
A model placing the Sun near the center of the universe or solar system, with Earth and other planets orbiting it.
Established by Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543.
What were the three goals that explorers tried to accomplish when setting out to explore? Uses 3G:
What is .... 1. Glory (Fame and developing strong reputation) 2 Gold (trade routes to Asia and to become wealthy) 3. God (to spread Christianity)
Which other cities where important during Renaissance? Name at least two:
Venice, Rome, Milan
Who was the first sailor to find a direct route to India?
Vasco da Gama commanded the first fleet to sail directly from Europe to India, fundamentally transforming global trade.
What are three things during Renaissance that helped increase literacy?
Gutenberg's printing press and increase in book production.
Writing in vernacular.
Price of books decreased due to higher production.
Explain the importance of following:
"Since love and fear can hardly exist together, if we must choose between them, it is far safer to be feared than loved.”
Who wrote this and what was the purpose?
This famous premise was written by the Italian political philosopher Niccolò Machiavelli in his 1532, The Prince
He wrote the book as a pragmatic, unvarnished guide on how rulers gain, maintain, and wield political power.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
An agreement between Catholic Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered, approved by the Pope.
Which family is famously tied to Renaissance? Why are they famous? Can you name two important members?
Cosimo de' Medici (1389–1464) was an incredibly wealthy Italian banker and statesman who founded the political dynasty that ruled Renaissance Florence.
Lorenzo de' Medici (1449–1492), famously known as "Lorenzo the Magnificent," was an Italian statesman, de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic, and the most prominent patron of Renaissance culture.
Why is Bartolomeu Dias famous? Where did he sail?
1488 (Dias): Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa (the Cape of Good Hope), opening the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia.
The sea journey undertaken by slave ships from West Africa to the West Indies is called?
The Middle Passage
List and explain at least 3 new methods/approaches used in Renaissance art:
Explain the Triangular Trade, one of the effects of the Columbian Exchange.
1. Tobacco, sugar, grown products to Europe
2. Tea, manufactured goods, etc. made from raw materials from the New World. These goods were sent to the colonies of Africa and eventually the colonies of the "new world".
3. Slaves from Africa were sent to the "new world".
Name at least one type of ship during the Age of Discovery:
What equipment did they use?
What is scurvy?
During the Age of Discovery, European explorers relied heavily on the caravel, a small, maneuverable ship. Carracks and Galleons were also used.
To navigate, sailors used instruments like the astrolabe, compass, and traverse board.
Crew members faced "scurvy," a brutal, often fatal vitamin C deficiency, which caused teeth to fall out and old wounds to reopen. It was managed by eating fresh citrus.
Why is Ferdinand Magellan famous? Explain in detail:
1519–1522 The first successful circumnavigation of the globe - confirmed the spherical shape of Earth. He didn't survive the journey.
What are the following men famous for:
Galileo
Shakespeare
Dante
Bacon
Galileo - Invention of telescope
Shakespeare - Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, etc.
Dante - The Divine Comedy
Bacon - The Scientific Method