Italian Renaissance
The city in the Italian Peninsula where the Renaissance started.
Florence
What is Christian Humanism?
The ideas of humanism (betterment of humanity) are compatible with Christian teachings
A German monk who grew angry and concerned with how the Church was operating
Martin Luther
This King of England had 6 wives and three children
King Henry VIII
This country saw the beginning of the Thirty Years' War
Bohemia; modern day Czech Republic
This Protestant form of Christianity promotes strict morality and hard work
Calvinism
The artists and writers of the Renaissance were inspired by what time and group of people?
Classical; Ancient Romans and Greeks
The main locations of the Northern Renaissance are...
German States, Netherlands/Flanders
This was an important thing to the popes of the Reformation
Getting money, funding art, expanding their papal kingdom
This was the most important reason Henry started a new form of Protestant Christianity
To give himself a divorce the pope refused to let him have
This phase of the war almost saw a Protestant victory, but was a lose after the king died
Swedish phase; King Gustavus Adolphus
This was the pope during the time of Luther's Reformation
Pope Leo X
These people funded the growing artist profession.
Patrons of the Arts
A revolutionary new invention from a German inventor
The Printing Press
The Church sold Indulgences to fund a church, what did they promise with it?
Free a relative's soul from Purgatory or save their own soul from Purgatory
These were the three children of King Henry VIII
Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward VI
This is where most of the fighting happen in the Thirty Years' War
Germanic States; Holy Roman Empire
This is the Calvinist doctrine saying before birth, God determined who is saved or not
Predestination
These are important new art techniques from the Renaissance
Perspective (3D), shadows, better human proportions, new materials
A Dutch religious philosopher who criticized the Church for not using common language
Erasmus
Explain "transactional salvation"
pay a certain amount, do a certain amount of certain things for better/faster access to Heaven
Nicknamed 'Bloody ...' this queen burned Protestants after making England Catholic again
Queen Mary; Bloody Mary
This was a major impact of the Peace of Westphalia
All European leaders can choose their type of Christianity instead of needing to be Catholic
This Catholic teaching is about a place of purification before being able to go to Heaven
Purgatory
This is why the Renaissance began in the Italian Peninsula.
Former head of Roman Empire, Trading/banking hub, Rich ruling families, head of Catholic Church
This was the main theme of Northern Renaissance artwork
Christian and everyday life scenes
This was the reason German princes sided with Martin Luther in the Reformation
To gain more power and money from the Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire
Elizabeth defended Protestant England from attacks from this Catholic country
Spain and King Philip II
Catholic France's motivations to join the Protestants were...
To weaken the Hapsburgs in Spain and HRE; weaken the German states
This was the impact of the Peace of Augsburg
Allowed each individual German Prince to decide which version of Christianity they want to practice