Anatomy
Name of blood vessel branching of aorta to bring blood to kidney
Renal artery
The process by which the kidney reclaims water and essential solutes from the filtrate back into the blood
Reabsorption
Enzyme predominately present in lungs and kidneys
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Process where kidneys (and other organs) synthesize new glucose from non-carbohydrates during fasting
Gluconeogenesis
The process by which the kidneys add substances from the blood into the filtrate for excretion
Secretion
The outer region of the kidney, containing the renal corpuscles and renal tubules
Renal cortex
The pressure that opposes filtration, created by proteins in the blood that draw water back into capillaries
Osmotic pressure
A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys
Aldosterone
Kidneys regulate water and electrolyte balance. This is the percentage of extracellular fluids (ECF) of total body fluid
1/3 of 60% Fluids or 20%
The inner region of the kidney, organized into pyramids and containing the loops of Henle and collecting ducts
Renal medulla
Double-walled capsule made of epithelial cells surrounding glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
This prevents large changes in GFR in the face of changes in arterial pressure
Renal Autoregulation
A potent vasoconstrictor that increases BP and stimulates aldosterone release
Angiotensin II
Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (EPO)
A common test used to estimate the GFR by measuring the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood
A selective barrier consisting of endothelial cells, a basement membrane, and podocytes that prevent large molecules from passing into filtrate
Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Responsible for the hormonal control in glomerular filtration rate maintenance and preservation of renal perfusion
Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS)
Angiotensin II acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate this
Thirst
Kidneys secrete this ion to maintain acid-base balance
Hydrogen ion / H+
Hormone that stimulates kidney enzyme that converts inactive vitamin D into calcitriol
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
This type of nephron has a longer loop of Henle that extends deeper into the inner medulla
Juxtamedullary Nephrons
The approximate measurement of GFR (mL/min)
120
Angiotensin II stimulates posterior pituitary gland to release this hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin
Condition caused if kidney fails to excrete harmful solutes and plasma levels rise
Uremia
Kidneys are located between these two vertebrae
T12 and L3