Blood Flow
Blood enters the kidney through this artery.
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What is the renal artery?
The basic functional unit of urine formation is this.
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What is the nephron?
The glomerulus is located inside this capsule.
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What is Bowman’s capsule?
The fluid formed after filtration is called this.
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What is filtrate?
A patient has dark, concentrated urine after not drinking water for a day. This hormone is increased.
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What is ADH?
This vessel branches directly from the renal artery.
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What are segmental arteries?
The hormone that increases water reabsorption is this.
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What is ADH (antidiuretic hormone)?
The pressure that drives filtration in the glomerulus is this.
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What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
The nephron ends in this structure.
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What is the collecting duct?
A patient takes too many diuretics and produces large volumes of urine. This condition is called this.
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What is polyuria?
These small arteries regulate blood flow into glomeruli.
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What are afferent arterioles?
The hormone that increases sodium reabsorption in the distal tubule is this.
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What is aldosterone?
The filtration barrier prevents most of this from entering filtrate.
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What are proteins?
The loop of Henle is important for this function.
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What is concentrating urine?
A patient has severe vomiting and dehydration. Their GFR will likely do this.
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What is decrease?
The goal of autoregulation is to keep this constant.
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What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
The loop of Henle helps create this gradient.
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What is the medullary osmotic gradient?
Constriction of the afferent arteriole causes this effect on GFR.
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What is decrease in GFR?
The collecting duct is mainly regulated by this hormone.
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What is ADH?
A patient with heart failure has reduced renal perfusion leading to this adaptation.
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What is RAAS activation?
A decrease in renal perfusion pressure triggers release of this enzyme.
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What is renin?
NSAIDs can reduce GFR by affecting this arteriole.
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What is the afferent arteriole?
Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by loss of this in urine.
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What are proteins (especially albumin)?
Diabetes damages nephrons primarily through this mechanism.
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What is glomerular and tubular injury from hyperglycemia?
A patient with adrenal insufficiency has low aldosterone causing this electrolyte imbalance.
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What is hyperkalemia?