Renal Blood Flow
This large artery is the first vessel to branch directly from the abdominal aorta to supply each kidney.
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What is the renal artery?
GFR measures how well the kidneys perform this primary function.
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What is filtering blood?
This cup-shaped structure surrounds the glomerulus.
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What is Bowman's (glomerular) capsule?
This hormone is the primary regulator of water reabsorption in the kidneys.
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What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
The biologically active form of vitamin D is called this.
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What is calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃)?
Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the renal artery toward the cortex before entering the arcuate arteries.
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What are the segmental or interlobar arteries?
This structure is responsible for producing the filtrate measured by GFR.
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What is the glomerulus?
This nephron segment reabsorbs the greatest percentage of filtered water and sodium.
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What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
When ADH levels increase, urine becomes more concentrated or more dilute?
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What is more concentrated?
Vitamin D primarily helps regulate these two minerals.
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What are calcium and phosphate?
This vessel delivers blood directly into the glomerulus.
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What is the afferent arteriole?
This force is the main driving force that promotes filtration.
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What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure?
These are the two major types of nephrons.
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What are cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?
An increase in plasma osmolarity causes ADH secretion to do what?
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What is increase?
Most vitamin D is produced in the skin after exposure to this.
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What is ultraviolet (UVB) sunlight?
In juxtamedullary nephrons, the efferent arteriole gives rise to these specialized vessels.
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What are the vasa recta?
These specialized cells wrap around glomerular capillaries and form filtration slits.
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What are podocytes?
Most nephrons in the kidney belong to this type.
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What are cortical nephrons?
A marathon runner becomes dehydrated after prolonged exercise. ADH secretion is expected to do what?
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What is increase?
Calcitriol increases intestinal absorption of this mineral.
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What is calcium?
Constriction of this arteriole initially increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
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What is the efferent arteriole?
A kidney stone blocks the ureter, increasing pressure within Bowman's capsule. What happens to GFR?
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What is it decreases?
Damage to the Loop of Henle would most directly impair the kidney's ability to perform this function.
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What is concentrate urine?
This hormone increases sodium reabsorption, allowing water to follow by osmosis.
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What is aldosterone?
This hormone stimulates renal 1α-hydroxylase activity.
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What is parathyroid hormone (PTH)?