A & P
What is the functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Less than 100 ml urine output in 24 hr period
Anuria
Measure of concentration of solutes contained in urine
Specific Gravity
End product of protein and muscle breakdown
Serum Creatinine
Most prevalent electrolyte in the extracellular fluid
Sodium
Receives 20-25% of the total cardiac output
Kidneys
Difficulty or pain with urination
Dysuria
Partial metabolism of fatty acids in the body produces this
Ketones
Measure of renal excretion of urea nitrogen
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Renal excretion is the primary regulation mechanism of this electrolyte and abnormal levels impact cardiac function.
Potassium
Collection of semipermeable capillaries responsible for filtering blood
Glomerulus
Presence of blood in urine
Hematuria
Formed during the breakdown of hemoglobin
Bilirubin
Produces 3-dimensional images of renal and urinary system structures
Computed Tomography
This electrolyte is found primarily in bones and is regulated by the parathyroid and thyroid glands.
Calcium
Urine is formed through the continuous process of
Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion, and Concentration
Urine output greater than 2000 ml in 24 hours
Polyuria
Not typically contained in urine because they are large and not permitted to cross intact glomerular membrane
Protein
Uses magnetic forces to produce images
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
This electrolyte has an inverse relationship with calcium and renal failure may lead to higher levels.
Phosphorus
The amount of blood filtered by the glomeruli in a set amount of time is the
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Pain radiating to the perineal or groin area
Renal Colic
Normal value is 7.0
pH
Removing a renal tissue sample via a small percutaneous site using CT or ultrasound
Renal Biopsy
The electrolyte is needed for healthy bones and teeth, nerve and muscle function, and coagulation.
Magnesium