Signs & Symptoms
Cardinal sign of kidney stones
Sharp flank pain
Treatment for small calculi < 5mm
Vigorous hydration, opioids and analgesics, corticosteroids
Name one diagnostic test
CT scan
Abdominal X-ray
Kidney ultrasonography
Urinalysis
Urine culture
Blood analysis
Assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, intervention, evaluation
What is a kidney stone
A solid mass of mineral and acid salt
Name two symptoms the patient exhibited in the case study
BP: 154/96 mmHg Pulse: 79 bpm
Respiratory rate: 24 bpm Temperature: 36.7° C.
Pain 10/10 Urinalysis: hematuria (3+)
Treatment that utilizes pressure waves
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy
Name a 2nd diagnostic test
CT scan
Abdominal X-ray
Kidney ultrasonography
Urinalysis
Urine culture
Blood analysis
Based on the case study patient, what is the priority intervention implemented by the nurse?
Administering analgesics to control pain promote relaxation
Name one place where a kidney stone can cause an obstruction
Kidneys, ureter, bladder
Type of urine frequently seen with kidney stones
Hematuria
Purpose of a ureteral stent
To maintain the patency of the ureter
Name two potential contraindications when undergoing diagnostic testing
Why is the liberal fluid intake and ambulation indicated for a kidney stone patient?
Both are measures taken to hopefully loosen and dislodge the kidney stone naturally
Name two ways renal calculi can form
Calciuria, dehydration, UTI, metabolic disorders, anatomical abnormalities, prolonged immobility, hereditary
Name the three signs of infection that typically manifest in a UTI
chills, fever, hypotension
Treatment for a significantly damaged kidney and what condition must be met
Nephrectomy; the client must still have one functioning kidney
A urinalysis tests for...
A) color, appearance, specific gravity, globulin
B) specific gravity, pH, ALT, color
C) Glucose, Bilirubin, color, pH
D) Appearance, Creatinine, specific gravity, AST
C) Glucose, bilirubin, color, pH
Name two dietary items that must be avoided by the client to avoid exacerbation of their condition
Avoid a high protein diet, restrict sodium to 2-3g a day, consume adequate calcium, restrict foods and drinks such as dark, leafy greens, berries, rhubarbs, tea, nuts, chocolate, beans, sweet potatoes, and beer.
Name the type of stone that is most common in the US
Name the three areas that are typically involved with flank pain
Abdomen, pelvis, genitals
Treatment for anatomical irregularities and what procedure must be performed following any renal surgery to help with healing
Pyeloplasty; Placement of a nephrostomy tube
Reference range for BUN and creatinine
7-20mg/dL and 0.6-1.2mg/dL
How will the nurse that the interventions implemented were successful?
The client will no longer have flank pain and will have reported passage of the kidney stones
Name the type of kidney stone that is hereditary
Cystine