kidneys
amount of blood filtered per day?
180 ml
what organs make up the renal system?
kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra
identify the area where the ureters enter and the neck of the urethra connects.
trigone area
what does the ureter feed into?
bladder
fill in the blank:
glomerular hydrostatic pressure is ____ than systemic hydrostatic pressure
hogher
what is the 3 steps in urine formation?
1. bulk filtration
2. reabsorption in tubules
3. secretion into tubular lumen
name the gaps between podocytes
slit pores
why is the bladder well innervated?
to maintain control of urine release
what type of nerve fibers do ureters have a lot of?
pain nerve fibers
why is preventing nephron loss important?
because thhey do not regenerate
what effect do endothelial-derived NO and prostaglandins have on the kidneys?
they increase GFR
what is smallest fluid compartment that the body acts on to regulate?
plasma
what is a cystometrogram?
a direct way to measure pressure in the bladder
what causes ureterorenal reflex?
blockage of the ureter, causing pain, which activates sympathetics to constrict renal arterioles
what type of nephron has a long loop of Henle and is supplied by the vasa recta?
juxtamedullary nephron
what blood vessel passes through the kidneys as an artery but not a vein?
segmental a.
RPF / (1-Hct) =
renal blood flow
which nerve detects the stretch of the bladder wall?
pelvic n.
what is vesicoureteral reflux?
abnormal flow of urine from bladder up ureter due to incomplete occlusion
1 million
what part of the kidney has pacemaker activity?
calyces
which nerve innervates the renal system to stimulate blood vessels and senses pain and fullness under sympathetic activation?
hypogastric n.
what is automatic bladder and what causes it?
it is loss of conscious control of urination due to spinal cord injury above sacral region
what compresses the ureter and why?
detrusor muscle to prevent backflow
cortical nephron makes up ____% while juxtaglomerular makes up ____%
70-80
20-30