Embryology
The interim kidney for 1st trimester
What is the mesonephros?
The larger kidney
What is the left kidney?
Provides blood supply to proximal ureter
What are the renal arteries?
The mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What is the proximal convoluted tubule?
The main cause of death is pulmonary hypoplasia
What is Potter sequence?
Remember: Oligohydramnios, limb deformities, flattened face
Receives significantly more blood flow
What is the renal cortex?
The layers of the glomerular filtration barrier from inner to outer
What are the fenestrated capillary endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocyte epithelial layer?
Impaired charge barrier
What is nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria!
Higher incidence in chromosomal aneuploidy where kidneys sit low in the abdomen.
What is horseshoe kidney?
Renal artery--> Segmental artery--> ________--->Arcuate artery
What is the interlobar artery?
The autoregulatory mechanisms that help maintain a constant RBF and GFR to protect the kidney
What are the myogenic and tubuloglomerular mechanisms?
The effects of SIADH on blood pressure, plasma renin and aldosterone
What is no change/increase BP, decrease renin, decrease aldosterone?
Caused by the bifurcation of ureteric bud or two ureteric buds interacting with metanephros.
What is the duplex collecting system?
The part of the nephron that is sensitive to hypoxia and vulnerable to ischemic damage
What is the medulla?
Contain the UT1 receptors.
What are the principal cells of the collecting duct?
Effects of long-term NSAID use
What is blocking renal-protective prostaglandin synthesis?
This constrictions the afferent arteriole & decreases GFR. It may result in acute kidney injury in low renal blood flow states.
The derivative of the urachus
What is the allantois?
Left renal vein receives two additional veins.
What is the left suprarenal and left gonadal veins?
The effects of aldosterone
What is the increase of Na+ absorption, K+ secretion & H+ secretion?
The medication you would give to a patient with hypocalcemia