Renal physiology
All of the following are considered normal functions of the kidney except: Regulating body hydration Elimination of nitrogenous wastes Regulating electrolyte balance Elimination of serum proteins
What is elimination of serum proteins
Results for glomerular filtration tests are reported in
What is milliliters per minute
Water is passively reabsorbed in all parts of the nephron except:
The proximal convoluted tubule
The descending loop of Henle
The ascending loop of Henle
The collecting duct
What is The ascending loop of Henle
The MDRD-IDSM estimated creatinine clearance calculation can be run on automated instruments because it does not include a patient's
What is weight
The approximate number of nephrons contained in each kidney is
What is (1 to 1.5 million)
A substance that is completely filtered by the glomerulus and completely reabsorbed by the tubules, has a clearance that is
Substances removed from the blood by tubular secretion include
What is protein-bound substances, hydrogen and potassium
The amount of serum cystatin C directly relates to the GFR for all of the following reasons except:
It is secreted by the tubules.
It is produced at a constant rate.
It is all filtered by the glomerulus.
It is completely reabsorbed by the tubules
The total renal blood flow is approximately
What is 1200 mL/min
The three layers of the glomerular filtration barrier include
What is the fenestrated capillary wall, Bowman's capsule endothelium and glomerular basement membrane
For active transport to occur, a chemical must combine with
What is a carrier protein
The normal urine to serum osmolarity is
What is 3:1
The glomerular filtrate is described as a
Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances that are
What is neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the tubules
Urine osmolarity is a more accurate measure of renal concentrating ability than specific gravity because
What is Osmolarity is influenced equally by small and large molecules.
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is given to a patient and the urine-to-serum ratio remains abnormal. This is an indication of
What is Neurogenic diabetes insipidus
The total renal plasma flow is approximately:
What is 600 mL/min
The specific gravity of the glomerular ultrafiltrate is
What is 1.010
Aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption in the:
What is distal convoluted tubule
The enzyme renin is produced by the kidney:
What is in response to low plasma sodium levels