Where are the kidneys and ureters located in regards to the peritoneum?
What is retroperitoneal?
What is the medical term for a kidney stone?
What is nephrolithiasis?
Which transducer is commonly used for a renal ultrasound?
What is the fibrous sheath enclosing the kidneys and adrenal glands called?
What is Gerota's fascia?
How should a sonographer describe their findings if a stone was seen on ultrasound?
What is an echogenic focus with posterior shadowing?
What patient positions are commonly used when scanning the kidneys?
What is supine, decubitis, or posterior oblique?
What is the inner portion of the kidney that contains the renal pyramids?
What is renal medulla?
How does a simple renal cyst appear sonographically?
What is anechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement?
Why can the liver be useful when imaging the right kidney?
What is it provides an acoustic window for the right kidney?
What is the funnel-shaped structure that collects urine and leads into the ureter?
What is renal pelvis?
What is the dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys?
What is hydronephrosis?
How does the renal sinus of a kidney appear sonographically?
What is echogenic?
What is the normal length of an adult kidney?
What is 9-12cm?
Which renal condition is characterized by multiple cysts developing throughout the kidneys and can cause enlarged kidneys?
What is polycystic kidney disease?
What is the normal echogenicity of the renal cortex compared to the liver?
What is hypoechoic to isoechoic compared to the liver?
What Pathology is seen here?
What is hydronephrosis?
- fluid in renal pelvis and calyces
What Pathology is seen here?

What is chronic renal failure?
- echogenic, small kidney
- cortical thinning