Urine Trouble
Red Cell casts are associated with this type of renal disorder
Glomerulonephritis
SBP 140-145 on three separate measurements.
Do this intervention first.
Lifestyle Modification (weight loss, salt restriction, excercise, EtOH moderation, tobacco cessation)
Class of drugs that act on the Na-K-2Cl transporter
Loop Diuretics
Obtunded patient with osmolar gap, anion gap metabolic acidosis and calcium oxalate crystals in the urine
Ethylene Glycol toxicity
Urinary test that is a biomarker for ADH
Urine Osmolarity
3+ urine dipstick heme
No red cells seen on spun urine
Rhabdomyolysis or hemolysis
Classic presentation of mineralcorticoid excess.
Hypertension, Hypokalemia and _______
Metabolic alkalosis
Most common cause of AIN
Proton Pump Inhibitors
Obtunded patient with osmolar gap, anion gap metabolic acidosis and vision loss (white out of vision)
Methanol toxicty
Max recommended 24hour correction for chronic hyponatremia
8 mEq/L
Definition of oliguria
Less than 400mL/d or less than 0.5ml/kg/hour.
Definition of stage two hypertension
SBP > 160 or DBP > 100
Drug induced Type B lactic acidosis in a diabetic with renal failure
Metformin Toxicity
Respiratory Alkalosis, metabolic acidosis and tinnitus
Salicylate poisoning
Name of the oral V2 receptor antagonist.
Tolvaptan
2 conditions associated with WBC casts
AIN
Pyelonephritis
(Cholesterol Atheroemboli)
Screening test for pheo
Plasma free metanephrines
(must have a result 2-5 times the ULN to warrant a 24hr urine test)
Emergency dialysis is used for which toxicity
Digoxin
Lithium
Methamphetamine
Lithium
The three translocational therapies from hyperkalemia
Insulin/Glucose
Bicarbonate
B agonists
SNa 118
Uosm 125
SOsm 245
Low solute to water intake
Beer potomania
Tea and toast
Psychogenic polydipsea
Trace dipstick protein, but 4 grams of protein on a 24hr urine
Likely overflow proteinuria from a paraproteinemia, such as Multiple Myeloma
Genetic disorder that mimicks the effect of loop diuretics
Barrter Syndrome
Drugs that cause proximal RTA
Renal K and Phos wasting
Glucosuria without hyperglycemia
Amino aciduria
Tenofovir
Aminoglycocides
Cisplatin
(and others)
Bonus: Name of the syndrome
Components of Lactated Ringers
Na
K
Ca
Mg
Chloride
Lactate
(UNa + UK)/(SK + SNa) x Urine Volume
Electrolyte Free water clearance