Etiology & Pathophysiology
Most common cause of intrinsic acute kidney injury
What is Acute Tubular Necrosis
Electrolyte abnormality characterized by Trousseau sign and Chvostek sign
What is Hypocalcemia
Podocyte damage seen on electron microscope with proteinuria
What is Minimal change disease
Amount of proteinuria characteristic of nephrotic syndrome
What is >3g/day
Classification of medication administered in nephrotic syndrome to reduce renal blood flow
What is ACE-I/ARBs
Acid base disorder caused by DKA
What is Metabolic Acidosis
Hematuria, hypertension, and hemoptysis
What is Goodpasture's syndrome
Muddy brown casts are seen in this type of intrinsic renal failure
What is Acute Tubular Necrosis
What is hypercoagulability state (renal vein thrombosis, PE, thromboemboli)
First line treatment for rhabdomyolysis
What is IV Fluids
Acid base disorder caused by hyperventilation
What is respiratory alkalosis
Electrolyte abnormality associated with torsades de pointes
What is Hypomagnesemia
Dilation of collecting system seen on ultrasound due to a urinary tract obstruction
What is Hydronephrosis
Imaging of choice to detect nephrolithiasis
What is Non-contrast CT
This classification of diuretic leads to hyperkalemia while others often lead to hypokalemia
What is Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, eplerenone)
Major cation that drives osmotic force
What is sodium
Muscle pain, weakness, and dark tea-colored urine
What is Rhabdomyolysis
Acid/base disorder in a patient with a pH of 7.29, HCO3 of 18, and CO2 of 36
What is Metabolic acidosis
Gold standard to diagnose the classification of acute glomerulonephritis
What is a Renal biopsy
Treatment for ESRD, acidosis, volume overload, electrolyte imbalance, and some toxins
What is Dialysis
Hypertonic hyponatremia can be caused by ____
Hyperglycemia or iatrogenic mannitol
Purpura, arthritis, and abdominal pain
What is IgA vasculitis, “Classic triad” of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Acute nephritis 12 days after a strep infection with +ASO titers
What is Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
Test to differentiate between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic hyponatremia
What is Serum osmolality
Medications to treat severe hyperkalemia
What are Calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, albuterol, dextrose + insulin