Dialysis
This type of dialysis is done for chronic renal failure patients and can be done at home.
What is peritoneal dialysis?
This is known as the functional unit of the kidney.
What is a nephron?
This renal condition occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular space and into the interstitial space because of altered permeability.
What is third spacing?
Normal K+ level.
What is 3.5-5?
Movement from lesser concentration to higher concentration against a pressure gradient.
What is active transport?
This mode of CRRT will only remove fluid via ultrafiltration.
What is slow continuous ultrafiltration (SCUF)?
This hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to hypoxia. It stimulates the bone marrow to produce RBCs.
What is erythropoietin?
- synthetic form: Epogen
Assessment and lab findings of this renal condition would include muscle weakness, fatigue, hypotension, tachycardia, myoglobinuria, elevated CK with no cardiac injury, elevated LDH, increased K+, elevate BUN and creatinine.
What is rhabdomyolysis?
Normal Ca+ level.
What is 8.5-10.5?
When GFR reaches this number, filtration will stop all together.
What is GFR<60?
Name 3 indications that a patient may need hemodialysis.
What is BUN>90, increased creatinine, GFR<10, oliguria/anuria, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, drug toxicity, intravascular and extravascular fluid overload, or metabolic acidosis?
This part of the RAAS is responsible for regulating ECF volume by increasing the absorption of Na and Cl and thereby water.
What is Aldosterone?
A patient presents to the ER with mental status changes, confusion and a severe headache. The patients family states that the patient has been having these symptoms for a few days, but today it got worse, so they brought him in. Upon physical assessment you note the patient to have +2 edema to bilateral lower extremities. The patient also has crackles bilaterally to the lower lobes. The patient is alert and oriented only to his name. Labs are drawn and come back as Na: 122, K+: 5.6, Cl: 101, glucose: 105, HCO3: 24, BUN: 13, creatinine: 1.0. Based on the information above, the nurse suspects this diagnosis.
What is syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH)?
List 3 causes of hypomagnesemia.
What is GI loss, poor nutrition, diuretics, ETOH use/abuse, long term PPI use?
Give one example of each type of IVF: hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic.
What is hypotonic: 1/4 NS, 1/2 NS?
What is hypertonic: D5NS, D5LR, D5 1/2 NS, 3% saline?
What is isotonic: 0.9 NS, D5W, LR, Normosol, PlasmaLyte?
List 3 nursing considerations when we have a patient on CRRT.
What is strict I&Os, daily weights, labs q4-8h, monitor VS, ECG and hemodynamics, monitor electrolytes, monitor catheter site for bleeding, ensure machine is functioning, and utilize blood warmer if patient becomes hypothermic?
When solutes move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration utilizing a carrier substances it is known as this.
What is facilitated diffusion?
A patient is brought up to the ICU with a diagnosis of DI. The patient was involved in an MVA while riding a motorcycle without wearing a helmet. He has increased ICP and is unconscious at this time. A foley was inserted and over the course of 8 hours the patient put out 4L. His VS are as follows: BP: 85/40, HR: 120, RR: 24, SpO2: 94%, T: 36.6. Based on the diagnosis of DI, the nurse knows the cause of DI would be this.
What is central cause?
Refeeding syndrome can be a cause of this electrolyte imbalance. It is treated by ensuring appropriate nutritional intake, monitoring this electrolyte level with feedings, and replacement via either PO or IV.
What is hypophosphatemia?
List 4 functions of the renal system.
What is regulation of BP, RBC production, vitamin D activation, filtration, waste removal, homeostasis, fluid balance
This setting of CRRT removes fluid, removes waste, and replaces fluid, no dialysate is used.
What is continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)?
Intracellular fluid makes up __1.__ of total body fluid. Intracellular fluid is found __2.__. Extracellular fluid makes up __3.__ of total body fluid. Extracellular fluid is found __4.__.
1. What is 2/3 of total body fluid?
2. What is inside the cells and tissues?
3. What is 1/3 of total body fluid?
4. What is outside of the cells?
A 72 year old man comes in with a complaint of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of AAA, BPH, HTN, osteoarthritis, right knee replacement, and a cholecystectomy. Upon further questioning the patient states "I have not been able to urinate very much for the last few days." Lab results show elevated BUN and creatinine and a decreased GFR. The patient is diagnosed with this type of acute renal failure (1.). The most likely cause of this diagnosis is __2.__.
1. What is postrenal renal failure?
2. What is BPH?
This electrolyte imbalance can be caused from frequent blood administration. Signs and symptoms of this would include positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs.
What is hypocalcemia?
In the oliguric phase of acute tubular necrosis, we would expect weight to __1.__, potassium to __2.__, and sodium to __3.__.
1. What is increase?
2. What is increase?
3. What is decrease?