Renal Diagnostics
The most commonly ordered renal diagnostic test
What is urinalysis
The most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain?
What is weight
Common OTC cause of Acute Kidney Injury
What are NSAIDs?
The inability to void even with an urge to void
What is urinary retention
Two types of dialysis.
What is hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)?
In addition to renal disease, elevated levels are often associated with dehydration.
What is Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels?
Signs or symptoms of fluid volume excess?
what is edema, weight gain, adventitious lung sounds, cough, elevated blood pressure, sob?
The most common cause of Acute Kidney Injury
What is hypovolemic shock or Dehydration
Foods high in phosphorous.
What are processed foods, dark colas, dairy products, lentils, nuts, protein sources?
Name 3 signs of kidney cancer.
What is flank pain, renal mass, hematuria, HTN, weight loss, anemia, fever, testicular changes?
Protein in the urine may indicate this.
What is infection or kidney disease?
First signs/ symptoms of UTI in older adults.
What is nausea, vomiting, or altered mental status?
Two most common causes of chronic renal failure
What is hypertension and uncontrolled diabetes?
Inflammation process of the structures of the kidney—the renal pelvis, renal tubules, and interstitial tissue.
What is Pyelonephritis?
At least 2 treatments for renal cancer?
What is
Chemotherapy: limited effectiveness
Biological immunotherapy (interleukin-2, interferon, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF): improves survival rates
Microwave ablation (MWA) or cryoablation: slows tumor growth
Surgical: nephrectomy; tumors are highly vascular and blood loss during surgery are a primary concern; blood supply may be embolized prior to surgery to reduce blood loss
Palliative: comfort measures
Prevent complications?
Used to measure concentration of protein, hormones, minerals and other chemicals to assess kidney disease or other health conditions.
What 24-hour urine (composite urine collection)?
Name 3 imaging studies used in assessment of the renal system.
What is
Ultrasound: non-invasive measurement of bladder volume
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB): shows anatomic features or obstructions
IV Pyelography (IVP): contrast dye allows for exam of the urinary system
CT/MRI
Cystoscopy/ Cystourethroscopy: endoscopic procedure to evaluate the bladder, urethra, and lower portions of the ureters
Renal Biopsy
Cystography and cystourethrography: show structure and function of the bladder through fluoroscopy
Foods high in potassium.
What are bananas, potatoes, cantaloupe, avocados, spinach, sweet potatoes, oranges, tomatoes, juices, yogurt?
Most common type of kidney cancer.
What is adenocarcinoma?
Dietary needs for someone with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
What is
•Restrict proteins; dialysis patients may need increased protein intake
•Restrict sodium, potassium, and phosphorus
•Vitamin and mineral supplements
•Fluid restriction?
Identify 3 things that are impacted in renal function as we age.
What is
Vascular
Hormonal
Structural
Medication effects
Risk for electrolyte imbalance
Increased susceptibility to infection
Identify at least 5 things included in a urinary/ renal assessment.
What is
color/ character of urine
frequency of urination
urgency
odor to urine
dysuria or difficulty starting urine flow
bladder distention
bladder emptying
family history
medications?
Identify 6 signs of a kidney infection (pyelonephritis).
What is
dysuria
urgency/ frequency
hematuria
flank pain
fever
nausea/ vomiting
odor to urine
cloudy urine
headache
costovertebral tenderness
change in loc
Explain the process of hemodialysis.
What is accessing a port and filtering the blood to remove toxins?
Name at least 4 major functions of the Kidneys.
What is