"Flu-ed" Disput-ed
This is the: 1) Sodium Concentration of Lactated Ringers (in meq/L), and 2) the Osmolarity of Lactated Ringers (mosm/L)?
What is [Na] = 130 meq/L and osmolarity = 274 mosm/L?
This is the mechanism of action of citrate regional anticoagulation with CRRT.
What is: citrate is infused in the dialysis catheter before the filter, chelating out calcium to block the coagulation cascade, calcium is then infused into the patient systemically (post-filter) to restore chelated calcium.
This is the segment of the nephron where the majority of your filtered Calcium is reabsorbed.
What is the proximal tubule?
This is our preferred vascular access type if an ESRD patient (or stage IV CKD patient) needs long-term IV access?
What is a Hohn catheter?
This nephrologist's "Gamer" nickname is "Maximal Change".
Who is Tim Yau?
Name at least 3 clinical conditions in which infusion of LR is relatively contraindicated?
What are: 1) brain injury (or potential for cerebral edema), 2) hyponatremia, 3) liver disease, or 4) Hyperkalemia in the setting of AKI or CKD.
This method of solute clearance removes small, medium, and large molecules.
What is convection?
This anti-inflammatory agent is used to treat patients with calciphylaxis.
What is sodium thiosulfate?
This phosphorus binder is the only one that comes in the form of "granules".
What is sevelamer?
This CURRENT renal fellow will be joining our division as a faculty member this summer/fall.
Who is Morgan Schoer?
This is the mechanism that explains why a non-metabolic acidosis can occur with large volumes of normal saline infusions?
What is decreased proximal tubule reabsorption of sodium resulting in loss of filtered bicarb (inability to reclaim filtered bicarb through the proximal tubule)?
This is the method of solute clearance in: 1) CVVH, 2) CVVHD, and 3) CVVHDF.
What are: 1) convection, 2) diffusion, 3) convection plus diffusion?
This is the mechanism that explains why "loops lose calcium".
What is blockage of NKCC, which decreases TAL (thick-ascending limb) lumen positivity, which leads to less calcium reabsorption via the paracellular pathway. (Mg and K reabsorption also affected for some reason)
This is the reason why all chronic dialysis patients should be on "Rena-vite" (also known as nephrocaps, renalcaps, renal vitamin).
What is, to replete water soluble vitamins removed with dialysis? (They contain B complex, Folic Acid, Vitamin C, biotin as main components; some also contain niacin, pantothenic acid)
This nephrologist is married to Sue, one of the pharmacists in the COH/PCMC.
Who is Andy Chuu?
What are urine sodium and urine potassium?
This explains the purpose of "replacement fluid" infusion pre-filter that is used in some forms of CRRT.
What is: it generates high hydrostatic pressure to drive convective clearance? (it also restores the volume pulled out through the filter to generate solute drag through convection)
These are two mechanisms that contribute to the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD.
What are: 1) Decreased renal 1,25 OH vit D synthesis (decreased renal mass) leading to decreased gut absorption of calcium and stimulation of PTH secretion, and 2) increased serum phosphorous triggers PTH secretion?
This "color" of peritoneal dialysis fluid is what is used when patients are intravascular volume depleted.
What is the "yellow" bag? (Red bag - pulls the most fluid, green bag - in the middle, yellow bag - pulls the least amount of fluid; related to glucose concentration of the PD fluid)
This nephrologist was just named the 2022 STL American Person of the Year.
Who is Dr. Will Ross?
These are the THREE components of the MAKE30 composite outcome in the SALT-ED and SMART trials.
What are: 1) Death, 2) New renal replacement therapy (RRT), 3) Persistent renal dysfunction with final serum creatinine ≥ 200% of baseline?
These are TWO scenarios in which the NxStage machine (looks like a Video recorder) may be preferred over the Prismaflex machine (the big green one).
What are: 1) the patient is extubated and is participating in PT during the daytime, 2) the patient is sitting up, 3) the patient is on CRRT and is in COVID or TB isolation, so the nurse won't have to enter the room frequently to change bags, 4) the patient is on SLED.
These are TWO factors that affect intestinal absorption of calcium.
What are: 1) Dietary presence of binding components (oxalate and phosphorous), and 2) Serum levels of 1,25 OH vitamin D which increases the intestinal absorption (induces calcium binding proteins)
None of the medications in this CLASS of antihypertensive medications are removed with dialysis.
What are ARB's?
These THREE WashU nephrologists all have twins.
Who are: Steven Cheng, Rowena Delos-Santos, and Patricia Kao?