Modal verbs
It is possible that I finish work earlier than usual today.
I may finish work earlier than usual today.
This is the house. I was born in this house.
This is the house where I was born.
I don’t have a dog, but I would like one.
I wish I had a dog.
He didn’t go to the meeting because he was sick.
Due to his illness, he didn’t go to the meeting.
I work in the office most of the day.
I spend most of the day working in the office.
It is necessary to wear a seatbelt in a car.
You must wear a seatbelt in a car.
That woman is a famous actress. She is talking to John.
That woman, who is talking to John, is a famous actress.
I regret eating so much cake.
I wish I hadn’t eaten so much cake.
I was late because I missed the bus.
Since I missed the bus, I was late.
I stopped smoking last December.
Participation is compulsory for all students.
All students must participate.
The book is on the table. You lent it to me yesterday.
The book that/which you lent me yesterday is on the table.
It’s a shame I don’t know how to drive.
I wish I knew how to drive.
She worked hard, so she got a promotion.
As a result of her hard work, she got a promotion.
Finding a place to park in this street is almost impossible.
It's almost impossible to find a place to park in this street.
If I were you, I'd write this stuff down.
You should write this stuff down.
The school is very old. I studied there as a child.
The school where I studied as a child is very old.
I didn’t study enough for the exam, so I failed.
I wish I had studied more for the exam.
As it is snowing, we will have to cancel the marathon.
We will have to cancel the marathon because it is snowing.
I prefer watching football highlights to studying for my exams.
I'd rather watch football highlights than study for my exams.
Perhaps I'll consider paying more attention in class next time.
I might consider paying more attention in class next time.
I met a girl yesterday. Her brother is in my class.
I met a girl whose brother is in my class.
(Not "who's"!)
She isn’t very tall, which makes basketball difficult for her.
She wishes she were taller.
("was" is commonly used in speech but in formal or academic English, "were" is preferred.)
They went out for a walk, even though the weather was bad.
In spite of the bad weather, they went out for a walk.
Could you shut the f***k up, please?
Would you mind shutting the f**k up, please?