Replication
What is the result of replication?
2 identical molecules of DNA
What's the purpose of transcription
To get instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome
List the 3 types of RNA and their function in translation.
mRNA - gets instructions from nucleus to ribosome
tRNA - transfers amino acids to growing polypeptide
rRNA - makes up the ribosomes
What's the monomer of proteins?
Amino Acids
What's an organelle?
A membrane bound structure with specific function in the cell
What's the purpose of DNA replication?
Cell Division, Cell Repair, Growth, and Development
If a gene is being transcribed on the 3' to 5' strand what directionality would the mRNA have?
5' to 3'
mRNA is read in sets of 3 or triplets. What are these triplets called?
Codon
In replication, what bonds must helicase break to seperate the DNA strands ?
Hydrogen Bonds
What's the difference between a eukaryote and a prokaryote?
EUKaryotes DO have organelles
PROkaryotes = NO organelles
What does it mean to be semiconservative
Replicated DNA has one new strand and one strand from the parent template
What region does RNA polymerase bind to DNA to initiate transcription?
The promoter
tRNA typically binds 2 molecules in transcription what are they?
mRNA and an amino acid
Enzymes are an essential part of the central dogma, what macromolecule makes up enzymes?
proteins
ONLY plant cells have __________.
Chloroplast; cell wall; large vacuole
If cells didn't have ligase how would that impact DNA Replication?
The fragments in the lagging strand wouldn't be glued together. Only one functional DNA molecule would be produced
When RNA Polymerase builds mRNA what bonds are being formed between the new nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds or Covalent Bonds
What initiates translation to stop ?
tRNA reading mRNA's stop codon at the ribosome
During translation, what bonds are continuously formed to grow the polypeptide strand?
covalent peptide bonds
Why aren't ribosomes considered organelles?
They aren't membrane bound.
What characteristics of replication cause DNA to be replicated with a leading and lagging strand opposed to having 2 leading strands?
1. DNA's structure is antiparallel and
2. DNA polymerase can only build in the 5' to 3' direction
What triggers Transcription to stop?
RNA polymerase running over the terminator to terminate transcription
"When using a codon chart, which molecule provides the codons that you match to amino acids?"
mRNA
How are the amino acids supplied to the cytoplasm to create new proteins during translation.
We consume proteins from our food, in our stomach we break the protein down into amino acids, then those amino acids are supplied to our cell's cytoplasm
Where do prokaryotes store their genetic information?
It freely floats in the cytoplasm