DIRECT SPEECH TO REPORTED SPEECH
"I AM EXHAUSTED" TIM SAID.
TIM SAID THAT HE WAS EXHAUSTED.
IN REPORTED SPEECH, CHANGE "PAST PERFECT" TO...
PAST PERFECT TENSE
SHE SAID THAT THERE WERE THREE PEOPLE WAITING AT THE BUS STOP.
"THERE ARE THREE PEOPLE WAITING AT THE BUS STOP", SHE SAID.
WE USE DIRECT SPEECH WHEN WE WANT TO REPRODUCE WHAT SOMEBODY SAYS OR SAID.
FALSE
"I WILL BUY A HOUSE ONE DAY" SARA SAID.
SARA SAID SHE WOULD BUY A HOUSE ONE DAY.
IN REPORTED SPEECH, CHANGE "PAST CONT." TO...
PAST PERFECT CONT.
MY FRIENDS SAID THAT THEY HAD BEEN SHOPPING THAT AFTERNOON.
"WE HAVE BEEN SHOPPING THIS AFTERNOON", MY FRIENDS SAID.
WHEN WE REPORT WHAT SOMEBODY SAID IN THE PAST WE HAVE TO CHANGE PRONOUNS, ADVERBS, AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES IN THE REPORTED SPEECH.
FALSE - NOT ADVERBS!
"I AM APPLYING FOR A JOB IN LONDON" TIM TOLD ME.
TIM TOLD ME THAT HE WAS APPLYING FOR A JOB IN LONDON.
IN REPORTED SPEECH, IF REPORTING VERB IS IN PRESENT, CHANGE "PAST SIMPLE" TO...
PAST SIMPLE
IN DIRECT SPEECH THE TENSES USUALLY GO ONE STEP BACK INTO THE PAST.
FALSE
"WHAT WERE YOU DOING LAST SATURDAY" HE ASKED HER.
HE ASKED HER WHAT SHE HAD BEEN DOING THE SATURDAY BEFORE.
IN REPORTED SPEECH, CHANGE "COULD/SHOULD" TO...
COULD/SHOULD
SUE TELLS ME THAT MARY'S BOYFRIEND LIVES IN PARIS.
"MARY'S BOYFRIEND LIVES IN PARIS", SUE TELLS ME.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS CHANGE TO THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR OR PLURAL, EXCEPT WHEN THE SPEAKER REPORTS HIS OWN WORDS.
TRUE
"HAVE YOU BEEN HERE BEFORE" I ASKED ANN.
I ASKED ANN IF SHE HAD BEEN THERE BEFORE.
IN REPORTED SPEECH, CHANGE "MUST" TO...
HAD TO
HIS TEACHER TOLD HIM TO DO HIS HOMEWORK ON TIME IF HE WANTED TO GET A GOOD GRADE.
"DO YOUR HOMEWORK ON TIME IF YOU WANT TO GET A GOOD GRADE", HIS TEACHER SAID.
IN QUESTIONS THE WORD ORDER IS THE SAME AS IN AN AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT.
TRUE