Basics
Often, the verbs used in reported speech are ______
say and tell (said & told)
Backshift means_______
to use a tense which is 'further back' in the past than the tense originally used.
ALL modal verbs used in direct speech will change when reporting speech.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
There are some exceptions.
Time expressed in direct speech MUST change in reported speech.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
We use the verb_____ to report commands, and _____ to report requests.
tell / told
ask / asked
The word THAT Can never be skipped when reporting speech.
TRUE
FALSE
FALSE
Sometimes that can be added or left out when reporting speech.
Report what she said:
'He is enjoying this class'
She said (that) he was enjoying this class.
How these modal verbs change in reported speech?
1. Can
2. May
3. Must
4. Will
1. Could
2. Might
3. Had to
4. Would
Las week/month and Next week/month change to:
The previous week/month
The following week/month
You only have to change the pronoun and shift expressions of time place when reporting requests and commands.
TRUE
FALSE
TRUE
When we want to report direct speech, we usually change the__________ used by the speaker.
Tense of the verb
Report what she said.
'They have gone to a new school'
She said (that) they had gone to a new school.
These modal verbs DON'T change in reported speech:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Could
2. Might
3. Would
4. Should
How the following expressions change when reporting speech?
1. Now
2. Today
3. Tonight
4. Yesterday
5. Tomorrow
1. Then
2. That day
3. That night
4. The previous day / the day before
5. The next day / The following day
For affirmative commands or requests we use the structure: _______
For negative commands we use the structure: ______
He asked/told me + to + infinitive
He told me + not + to
What words change in reported speech?
1.
2.
3.
1. Pronouns
2. Modal verbs
3. Time expressions
We don't do backshift in the following situations:
1.
2.
3.
1. If what the speaker has said is still true or relevant (it was said the present and it will be reported in the present).
2. If the direct speech tense is past perfect.
3. If we report commands or requests.
Change the direct speech into reported speech.
Will you spend the whole summer at the beach?
She/He asked me if I would spend the whole summer at the beach.
Change the direct speech into reported speech.
I will have my teeth checked tomorrow.
She said that she would had her teeth checked the following day/next day.
Correct the mistakes in the following reported command & request.
'Would you mind passing me the salt please?'
1. He asked me if I would mind pass him the salt.
'Close the door!'
2. He asked me to close the door.
1. if I would mind
He asked me TO pass him the salt.
2. asked
He TOLD me to close the door.
What verbs we use to report speech other than say, tell and ask?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1. Decided
2. Refused
3. Offered
4. Promised
5. Advised
6. Reminded
7. Denied
8. Suggested
What grammar tense is used in the direct speech and what grammar tense should be used when reporting?
1. They have been talking all class, she said.
2. He saw a unicorn in the forest, she said.
3. He was running too fast, she said.
1. Present perfect continuous -> Past perfect continuous
2. Past simple -> Past perfect
3. Past continuous -> Past perfect continuous
Report what she said.
'I could have gone for a run yesterday if it wasn't for the bad weather'
She said she could had gone for a run the previous day / the day before if it hadn't been for the bad weather.
Report what he said:
I went to a California last month and I have been there many times before.
Report the following questions:
1. When will she come?
2. Do you like purple?
3. Who was the last person that you encountered?
1. She asked when she would come.
2. She asked me if I liked purple.
3. She asked who had been the last person that I had encountered.