Reproduction Methods
Reproduction that involves only one parent and results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
What is asexual reproduction?
This process involves the joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell to form a new cell
What is fertilization?
These organisms have been genetically modified by scientists to possess desirable traits such as drought resistance or insect resistance
What are GMOs (genetically modified organisms)?
This occurs when an egg cell and a sperm cell combine, resulting in a full set of chromosomes in the new cell
What is fertilization?
This is the process by which an offspring receives traits from its parents
Bonus: +200 This type of inheritance involves multiple genes working together to produce a single trait and name an example
What is inheritance?
Bonus: What is polygenic inheritance?
Height or hair color
This is an example of a species that reproduces asexually, where a new organism forms from a piece of the original
Bonus +100 (name an organism that is used as an example)
What is fragmentation?
Example: Star fish/ Sea star
This type of cell, coming from the father, contains half of the father's chromosomes
What are sperm cells?
This genetically modified bacteria is used to produce the insulin that helps people with diabetes
What is e. coli?
This specific characteristic, passed from parent to offspring through genes, determines certain features in organisms
What is a trait?
This term refers to a different form of the same gene, with one allele inherited from each parent
What is an allele?
This process involves the development of offspring from an egg that has not been fertilized by a sperm. It happens in several invertebrate groups, especially insects
What is parthenogenesis?
This type of cell, coming from the mother, contains half of the mother’s chromosomes
What are egg cells?
This U.S. agency is responsible for regulating GMOs for safety, including food and environmental impacts
What is the FDA (Food and Drug Administration)?
This is a sequence of DNA that determines a trait and is inherited from parent to offspring
What is a gene?
This genotype, represented as "RR," is called this because both alleles are the same
Bonus +100 This genotype, represented as "rr," is called this because both alleles are the same and what would the opposite be called?
What is dominant homozygous?
Bonus: What is recessive homozygous?
What is dominant or recessive heterozygous?
This is the type of reproduction where two parents combine their genetic material to create a new organism, resulting in offspring with a variety of traits
What is sexual reproduction?
One advantage of this type of reproduction is that it increases genetic variation and the chance of survival when environmental changes occur
What is sexual reproduction?
This international body has criticized the use of GMOs in food, especially for their potential environmental and health risks
What is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
These are the differences in traits among siblings, caused by the unique combination of genes passed on by each parent
What are variations?
This occurs when an offspring inherits both a dominant and a recessive allele, resulting in a mixture of both traits
What is incomplete dominance?
This method of reproduction involves organisms that are genetically identical to the parent and occurs through a simple process
Bonus +300 often in which organisms?
What is budding?
Bonus: sponges or sea anemones.
One downside of this type of reproduction is that organisms need to find a mate, but it allows for greater genetic diversity
Bonus +100 The downside of this type of reproduction is that all offspring have the same genetic makeup as the parent
What is sexual reproduction?
Bonus: What is asexual reproduction?
The goal is to enhance or introduce specific traits in plants, animals, or microorganisms that can improve productivity, sustainability, and performance in various fields like agriculture, medicine, and research
What is a GMO?
These structures, found in the nucleus, carry genes that determine the traits of an organism
What are chromosomes?
When both dominant alleles are expressed at the same time, this occurs
What is codominance?