Cells
Are humans made of eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
DNA condenses into chubby X shapes called...
Chromosomes
a. How many parents are required for asexual reproduction?
b. How does the DNA of the offspring compare to that of the parent?
a. 1
b. It's identical
Do prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells undergo mitosis?
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic - nucleoid region (floating DNA)
What is the purpose of DNA?
It contains genetic information that determines how an organism looks, functions, and behaves. It is used to pass this information onto future offspring.
What form of reproduction do yeast use?
Budding
What happens during interphase?
- the cell grows & increases its amount of organelles
- the cell replicates its DNA
Which kind of cell has membrane-bound organelles?
Eukaryotic
Why does the offspring from sexual reproduction have UNIQUE DNA?
Because half of the DNA came from each parent.
What are the steps of binary fission?
The cell copies its DNA (genetic material).
The cell grows longer, and the two copies of DNA move to opposite ends.
The cell membrane (and cell wall, in bacteria) pinches inward at the middle.
The cell splits into two daughter cells. Each has a full copy of the DNA.
What are 2 reasons an organism with eukaryotic cells would need to divide its cells by mitosis?
- For growth of the organism
- To replace damaged or dead cells
What are the 3 statements of the cell theory?
1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of life
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells
What is the shape of DNA called?
Double helix
What are 3 example organisms that reproduce by spores?
Bread mould
Mushrooms
Ferns
Mosses
What are the two copies within 1 chromosome called?
Sister chromatids
What 4 things do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have? (Organelles/components)
- Cytoplasm
- Ribosomes
- DNA
What are the 4 bases of DNA called (spell out the full words)
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
What is a disadvantage of reproducing by vegetative propagation?
There is no genetic variety in the plant, so a disease that harms one of the plants can wipe them all out.
Describe what happens in the cell during anaphase (using precise biological language).
The sister chromatids are pulled to opposite ends of the cell by the spindle fibres.