Endometriosis
Endometriosis II
Ovarian Cysts
Ovarian Cysts II
PID
100
What is endometriosis?
Disorder that occurs when endometrial tissue appears outside the lining of the uterine cavity.
100
What are the main signs/symptoms of endometriosis?
-painful menstruation -abnormal uterine bleeding -infertility (also pelvic pain, painful intercourse)
100
True or False: Ovarian cysts are usually neoplastic.
False (usually non-neoplastic)
100
What are possible signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts?
-mild pelvic discomfort -painful intercourse -abnormal bleeding -massive hemorrhage -palpable mass
100
What does PID stand for and what is it?
Pelvic inflammatory disease -general term used to refer to any acute, subacute, recurrent or chronic infection of tubes and ovaries.
200
What are the clumps of endometrial cells growing outside the uterus called and where do they commonly occur?
Implants -occur on ovaries, tubes, outer uterus and intestines
200
List some treatments for endometriosis.
-Danazol -oral contraceptives -GnRH agonists -surgery
200
Why are ovarian cysts usually not surgically removed?
Because most disappear without treatment (watchful waiting)
200
Which type of cyst would be indicated by extremely high hCG levels?
Theca-lutein cyst.
200
What are the risk factors for PID?
-STIs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, HSV, HPV) -multiple partners -cervical procedures -infection during or after pregnancy -smoking -multiparity -douching! -intercourse during menses (there goes ALL my fun)
300
What happens to the ectopic tissue during menstruation?
The ectopic tissue also bleeds, causing inflammation of the surrounding tissues, which leads to fibrosis and adhesions, which leads to pain and infertility.
300
What is Danazol?
Mild form of testosterone which reduces amount of estrogen
300
What are follicular cysts?
Fluid-filled sacs in the ovary resulting from overgrowth of a follicle that does not rupture.
300
What tumour marker is used to check for ovarian cancer?
CA-125
300
What are some signs and symptoms of PID?
-purulent vaginal discharge -low-grade fever -malaise -lower abdominal pain -vaginal bleeding -cervical motion tenderness
400
What is retrograde menstruation?
Menstrual fluid following backwards into tubes instead of outside the body -may be a cause of endometriosis because endometrial tissue may stick to whatever it lands on and start to grow
400
What surgeries are used to treat endometriosis?
-laparoscopy -laparotomy -bowel resection -hysterectomy -nerve ablation
400
What is a granulosa-lutein cyst?
Functional, non-neoplastic enlargement of ovaries caused by excessive accumulation of blood in corpus luteum.
400
What time period does a ovarian cyst usually disappear in?
1-2 cycles
400
What are the ways PID is treated?
-antibiotics -bed rest -analgesics -TAH-BSO
500
What are the four risk factors for endometriosis?
-menstrual cycle factors (early periods, heavy and painful periods, short cycles, long periods) -allergies -obesity -exposure to toxins
500
What treatment method is the most effective?
Surgery
500
What is a theca-lutein cyst?
A cyst filled with clear, straw-coloured fluid that results from high levels of circulating gonadotropins caused by excessive stimulation of the theca intima. Commonly associated with hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, or hormone therapy.
500
When might an ovarian cyst be surgically removed?
-large cyst/growing cyst -doesn't look like a functional cyst -cyst that persists through 2-3 cycles -causing pain
500
What is the risk of untreated PID?
Scarring leading to infertility, tubal pregnancy, chronic pain
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