Aerosol Factors
T or F: Aerosol can be defined as suspension of liquid or solid particles in a gas.
True
Define output.
The mass of aerosol particles produced by a nebulizer in a given unit of time
Primary hazard of aerosol drug therapy is?
Adverse drug reactions
To ensure delivery of the proper drug dosage with a MDI, which of the following must be done before its use?
I. The canister valve stem should be cleaned with a pin.
II. The canister should be warmed to hand or body temperature
III. The canister should be vigorously shaken
II and III are correct.
In clinical setting, how do we minimize a patient's infection risk between drug treatments with a SVN?
Dump out residual volume and place SVN in a personal bag
Hand-washing before and after treatment
Do not touch drug ampule to nebulizer (medicine) cup
List 3 devices that can generate therapeutic drug aerosols.
Atomizers, nebulizers, SMI, MDI, DPI, etc but not humidifiers
Define emitted dose
The mas of drug leaving the mouthpiece of a nebulizer as aerosol
List at least 3 things to minimize risk of infection associated with aerosol therapy.
Proper handwashing before and after treatment, rinse nebulizers with sterile water, replace dirty or contaminated nebulizers
To properly use an MDI, the RR needs to be less than ____?
25 bpm
To decrease residual drub volume in the medicine reservoir of a SVN, what should you do?
a. Decrease the nebulizer flow rate
b. Turn the nebulizer upside
c. Continue treatment until nebulizer begins to sputter
d. Increase the nebulizer flow
C. Continue treatment until nebulizer begins to sputter.
Most nebulizers used in respiratory care produce which type of aerosol suspension?
Heterodisperse
Define cascade impaction
A common method to measure aerosol particle size
Which drug agent has been associated with increased intraocular pressure?
Anticholinergics
T or F: DPI drug delivery systems are not affected by humidity.
False
DPIs do not have propellants, inspiratory flow needs to be at least 60 L/min (proper dose is dependent on patient's breath in), there is no hand-breath coordination, and these drug systems tend to be less expensive
6-10 L/min with 8 l/min being optimal
Term that descries when aerosol particles make contact with respiratory tract mucosa and are retained.
Deposition
Define MMAD
Mean mass aerodynamic diameter; a type of measure used to identify the particle diameter, which corresponds to the most typical settling behavior of an aerosol
What common hazard is seen with Corticosteroids and how do we prevent this?
Thrush, rinse mouth, use reservoir device (when applicable)
Which of the following is recommended for maintenance administration of bronchodilators to an adult patient with adequate inspiratory flow?
SVN, DPI, MDI with reservoir device or MDI w/o spacer
MDI with reservoir device and/or DPI
Calculate the personal best for a 35-year-old female patient that is 5'6" tall.
Personal best is 326.28
Which of the following factors affect pulmonary deposition of an aerosol?
I. Size of particles
II. Shape and motion of particles
III. Physical characteristics of the airways
IV. Class of drug being used
I, II, III
Define GSD
Geometric standard deviation: Type of measure that is used to describe the variability of particle diameters in an aerosol.
Measure that puts particles in category of monodisperse or heterodisperse.
Ideally, SVN should produce what size MMAD to enhance deposition into central and lower airways?
2-5 micrometers
Name 3 drug agents that come in MDI form:
DPI: Serevent, Flovent, Advair
MDI: Albuterol, Atrovent, Combivent, Flovent, Advair, Symbicort, etc....
Calculate the personal best for a 47-year-old male that is 5'9" tall.
Personal best is 391.9