Terms 1
Whether the DV's were truly influenced by the experimental IVs is called ___ validity
Internal Validity
IV is ___ DV is ____
independent variable, dependent variable
______ is a statement which can be tested regarding the relationship between the IV and DV
Hypothesis
The accepted probability level is usually
.05 or less
Hypothesis testing is most closely related to the work of
R.A Fisher
Whether the results can be generalized to the population is called ____ validity
External validity
____ variable is the variable the researcher manipulates, _____ expresses the outcome of the data
independent, dependent
Type 1 and Type 2 errors are called ____ and ____ errors
Alpha, Beta
A study that would best rule out chance factors would have a significance level of P=___
.001
What is a cohort study?
Examines people who were born at the same time or participated in a similar life event
When an experiment is confounded ________
undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment
The ___ ______ indicates that the IV does NOT affect the DV
Null Hypothesis
When a researched rejects a null hyporhesis when it is true it is ___ error, when a researcher accepts a null when it is false it is ____ error
alpha, beta
Correlation coefficients range from ___ to ____
What number indicates no relationship between variables?
-1 to 1
0
____ reasoning goes from specific to a generalization
Inductive
Give examples of descriptive statistics
mean, median, mode, range
If the participants don't know what group they are in, but the experimenter does, this is called a ____ ____ study
single blind study
What is positive correlation?
When both factors change in the same direction
What is mode?
The most frequently occurring score
What is stratified sampling?
a method where a population is divided into subgroups, called strata, based on shared characteristics. A random sample is then selected from each of these strata, ensuring that each subgroup is represented in the final sample
The letter P related to a test of significance indicates
Probability
Switching the order in which stimuli are presented is called
Counterbalancing
The most useful measure of central tendency is the __
Mean (average)
What is statistical regression?
What is a demand characteristic?
Any bit of knowledge that the subject is aware of that can influence their behavior in the experiment