Scientific Study
Ethical - Bethical
Research Designs
Research Methods
Research Methods
100
Composed of five steps that helps to systematically answer a question; identify a question, form a hypothesis, choose method/design, collect data, and draw conclusions
What is the scientific method?
100
this works to prevent ethical violations by specifying requirements for any conducted research; each college/university has their own
What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
100
the ONLY way to determine cause and effect relationships; highly controlled and regulated: participants are randomly assigned to either the control or experimental groups; the idea is to determine if the independent variable (IV, the cause) has an effect on the dependent variable (DV, the effect/outcome).
What is the experiment or experimental design?
100
useful for large data sets, may use open and closed questions; paper or phone format; may deal with bias and social desirability
What are questionnaires/surveys?
100
systematically watching and recording behavior in either naturalistic or laboratory setting
What are observations?
200
the data collection plan
What is the research design?
200
participants are to be provided this when it comes to physical and psychological harm
What is protection? (do no harm)
200
used to observe and record behavior; cannot draw any cause and effect relationships; used when an experiment is not appropriate
What is descriptive research?
200
research collected that is based in words and is not readily quantifiable
What is qualitative?
200
conducted via face-to-face or by phone; captures a person's individuality and complexity by allowing him/her to describe their lives in their own words
What are interviews?
300
the researcher's idea about the possible answer to their question; educated guess; dictates which methods, design, and analysis will be used.
What is a hypothesis?
300
This includes basic information about the study, the purpose, nature and extent of participation, risks and benefits involved as well as knowledge that participation is voluntary and withdrawal is permissible at any time; must be completed PRIOR to participation
What is informed consent?
300
the group of participants are all studied at the same time (i.e., 5th, 8th, and 12th grade) and data collected on a single occasion; yields correlational relationships, but no info on change or the stability of characteristics
What is the cross sectional design?
300
a detailed examination of the life of one person or a small number of persons; typically held for very unique events or circumstances
What is the case study?
300
research collected that is based entirely in numbers
What is quantitative?
400
a group of participants that should be representative of the population of interest
What is a sample?
400
information is not shared outside of the researchers and the data is reported in aggregate in order to protect this
What is confidentiality?
400
indicates that a relationship exists and provides information on the strength and direction of the relationship; used to predict behavior - the stronger the correlation, the more effective prediction
What is correlational design?
400
refers to the consistency of measurements; getting the same measurements time and again
What is reliability?
400
often combined with other methodology to present a more complete picture; includes hormonal functioning, brain functioning, and the genetic basis of development
What are biological methods?
500
the way the hypothesis is investigated
What is the research method?
500
these are used in cooperation; sometimes this is required to study phenomenon that subjects might want to hide or would be compromised if told the topic of the study directly (i.e., obedience to authority) AND after the study is completed, the researchers must tell the participants the true purpose of the study
What is deception and debriefing?
500
the same participants are used to collect data over a period of time (i.e., follow a group of 5th graders until senior year, sampling them several times of the years); provides greater insight on stability and change, but may have cohort effects and is time-consuming and often costly
What is the longitudinal design?
500
in-depth observational research over time that occurs when the researcher lives and interacts with the participants
What is ethnographic research?
500
refers to the truthfulness or accuracy of a method; measures what it claims to measure
What is validity?
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