The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it.
What is hindsight bias?
100
An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events.
What is a theory?
100
A descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles.
What is a case study?
100
Numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups; it includes the measure of central tendency and measures of variation. (It summarizes data).
What is descriptive statistics?
100
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
What is culture?
200
Thinking we know more than we do.
What is overconfidence?
200
A testable prediction.
What is a hypothesis?
200
Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation.
What is naturalistic observation?
200
A single score that represents a whole set of scores of the mode, the mean, and the median.
What is central tendency?
200
An ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate in an experiment.
What is informed consent?
300
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions, but it examines assumptions, assesses the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
What is critical thinking?
300
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures used in a research study.
What is an operational definition?
300
A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.
What is a survey?
300
A computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
What is standard deviation?
300
Not harming the participant as well as keeping information about the participant confidential is what part of this kind of principle, or guideline.
What is ethical?
400
When a random sequence does not appear random so you think because you keep getting heads, then tails, then heads, then tails, your next flip will be heads.
What is Perceiving Order in Random Events?
400
Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic finding extends to other participants and circumstances.
What is replication?
400
A measure of the extent in which two variables change together, and thus of how well either variable predicts the other.
What is correlational?
400
The type of statistics of numerical data that allows one to generalize--to infer from sample data the probability of something being true of a population.
What is inferential statistics?
400
The postexperimental explanation of a study, including its purpose and any deceptions, to its participants.
What is debriefing?
500
This equips us to be curious, skeptical, and humble in our observations.
What is the scientific attitude?
500
Defining human intelligence as what an intelligence test measures.
What is an operational definition?
500
Manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process (dependent variable); to test cause and effect.
What is an experimental?
500
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance.
What is statistical significance?
500
This is the descriptive statistic that a researcher would use to describe how close a student's SAT score is to a school's average SAT score.