Key Features of...
The key features of science
Science is about gathering facts and evidence that can be falsified. Science is public knowledge and uses empirical questions to address questions and collect legitimate data. Science has a willingness to change when new and improved information is presented. It also has extensive amounts of peer review and critique.
Independent variable (define)
An independent variable is the variable you can control and manipulate in an experiment.
Experimental studies (define)
An experimental study is a study that assigns two groups to either be controlled for an experiment or the treatment group to see if there is causality in the experiment subject.
Simple Random Sample (define)
In simple random sampling, the researcher randomly selects a number of participants from a population. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the study.
Correlation (define)
A correlation is a relationship between different things, variables, etc. Researchers measure variables that naturally occur in people and compute the degree in which they fit together.
The key features of pseudoscience
Pseudoscience refers to activities and beliefs that are claimed to be scientific by their proponents (they may very well seem to be scientific at first glance) However, they are not scientific. Pseudoscience often lacks public knowledge, no peer review, and tends to have fixed ideas.
Dependent variable (define)
A dependent variable is the variable that is directly affected by the independent variable, and the dependent variable cannot be manipulated by the experiment.
Quasi- experimental study (define)
A quasi-experimental study is a study that doesn’t use random assignment to split up the groups, often due to the inability to do so with the sample group.
Stratified Random sample (define)
Populations are divided into strata and simple random samples are drawn from each strata. The strata are divided to represent an equal proportion of the quality they are experimenting on. This could be race, ethnicity, religion, income etc.
Causation (define)
Causation is the empirical relationship between two variables such that change in one of those variables brings change to the other variable.
The idea of graphology (the belief that a person's handwriting can tell you about their character)
Pseudoscience
Confounding variable (define)
A confounding variable is a third party variable that impacts the independent and dependent variable that you are not aware of or did not measure in an experiment.
Correlational/Observational studies (define)
A study that looks over a preexisting population and then draws conclusions from observed correlations in data collection without regard for confounding variables, outliers, and lack of causation proof.
Picking names out of a jar is an example of this type of sampling technique.
Simple random sampling
Population (define)
A population is a group of people that investigators want information about.
The study of Psychology is an example of...?
Science
An experiment is being conducted with people on a beach where someone receives a bottle of sunscreen to use for that day. The experiment is on how sunscreen works to prevent burnt skin. What is the independent variable?
Sunscreen
What is an example of an experimental study?
A group is split into the group that sleeps 8 hours through the night before a test and the other group is given only 4 hours of sleep before the same test.
Say we want to test what religion most people are based on income throughout the United States. We divide the population up into 3 categories or strata. They are low income, middle income, and high income. Low income is 20% of the population, middle is 75%, and high is 5%. We need to get a representative sample of each of the strata (low, middle and high) so we can accurately test what religion people are based on their income. We divide the population into equal groups and run the experiment.
Stratified random sample
The idea that height has a direct impact on weight is an example of...?
Correlation
Sample (define)
A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from within the population. The size of the sample is smaller than the population.