Conceptualization & Measurement
A procedure for identifying or indicating the value of cases on a variable.
What is Operation?
Define a concept, choose one variable to represent it, and measure it with responses to indicator.
What are how to actually measure a concept?
Sampling in which elements are selected in the basis of convenience
What is availability sampling?
A type of causal explanation involving the belief that variation in an independent variable will be followed by variation in the dependent variable, when other things are equal.
What is nomothetic causal explanation?
The list of all elements of a population from which a sample is actually selected is known as_____
What is a sampling frame?
The question or other operation used to indicate the value of cases on a variable.
What is indicator?
The process of assigning numbers or labels to units of analysis in order to represent conceptual properties for measurements represent conceptualizations.
What is measurement?
Exists when findings about one group. population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings
What is cross-population generalizability?
An explanation that identifies the concrete, individual sequence of events, thoughts, or actions that resulted in a particular outcome for a particular individual or that led to a particular event.
What is ideographic causal connection?
When a sequence of elements in a list to be sampled varies in some regular periodic fashion is affected by ______
What is periodicity?
A strategy that increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers.
What is systematic social observation (SSO)?
Exhaustive is that every case can be classified as having one attribute, and mutually exclusive is that a case have only one attribute so that to cover the bases with "other" and "both" categories
What are the kinds of measurement?
Sampling in which elements are selected in 2 or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection naturally occurring clusters and the last stage is the random selection of multilevel element within clusters.
What is multistage cluster sampling?
Relationships between variables that vary between geographic units or other contexts.
What is contextual effect?
The larger the sampling error, the _____ representative the sample is of the population.
What is less?
Closed-ended (fixed choice) questions are explicit response choice that should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive, while ope-ended questions are those where there are no explicit response choices and not exhaustive.
What are the two types of question choices?
Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
What are the levels of measurement?
Sampling methods that allow us to know in advance how likely it is that any element will be selected from the population for inclusion in the sample.
What is probability sampling method?
They are: 1. Empirical association; 2. Appropriate time order; and 3. Nonspuriousness
What are the conditions necessary for determining causality?
A method of sampling in which sample elements are selected as they are identified by successive informants or interviewees.
What is snowballing?
Operational definitions are always good because they accurately capture the intended construct.
What is False?
At the normal level of measurement, the values of variables -------
What is have no mathematical interpretation?
A sampling method in which elements are selected from strata in exact proportion to the representation in the population
What is proportionate stratified sampling?
They are mechanism and context.
What are the conditions specifying casual relationships?
The Latin meaning "all other things being equal"
What is ceteris paribus?