Conceptualization & Measurement
A procedure for identifying or indicating the value of cases on a variable.
What is Operation?
Define a concept, choose one variable to represent it, and measure it with responses to indicator.
What are how to actually measure a concept?
Sampling in which elements are selected in the basis of convenience
What is availability sampling?
1. Independent variable
2. Pretesting and post testing
3. Experimental and control groups
What are the three major components of a true experiment?
1. Temporal ordering
2. Correlation
3. Non-spuriousness
How does the classic experimental design add criteria for causation?
The question or other operation used to indicate the value of cases on a variable.
What is indicator?
The process of assigning numbers or labels to units of analysis in order to represent conceptual properties for measurements represent conceptualizations.
What is measurement?
Exists when findings about one group. population, or setting hold true for other groups, populations, or settings
What is cross-population generalizability?
A systematic attempt to test a causal hypothesis about the effect of variation in one factor or another.
What is true experiment?
Used when true experiment is not possible/feasible?
What is quasi-experiment?
A strategy that increases the reliability of observational data by using explicit rules that standardize coding practices across observers.
What is systematic social observation (SSO)?
Exhaustive is that every case can be classified as having one attribute, and mutually exclusive is that a case have only one attribute so that to cover the bases with "other" and "both" categories
What are the kinds of measurement?
Sampling in which elements are selected in 2 or more stages, with the first stage being the random selection naturally occurring clusters and the last stage is the random selection of multilevel element within clusters.
What is multistage cluster sampling?
1. Empirical association
2. Appropriate time order
3. Non-spuriousness
what are the conditions necessaryto determine causality?
1. Nonequivalent control group designs
2.Before-after-designs
3. Ex-post facto control group designs
What are the types of quasi-experimental design?
Closed-ended (fixed choice) questions are explicit response choice that should be mutually exclusive and exhaustive, while ope-ended questions are those where there are no explicit response choices and not exhaustive.
What are the two types of question choices?
Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
What are the levels of measurement?
Sampling methods that allow us to know in advance how likely it is that any element will be selected from the population for inclusion in the sample.
What is probability sampling method?
It produces experimental and control groups that are statistically equivalent
What is randomization and random selection most important characteristic?
1. Individual matching
2. Aggregate matching
What are two selection methods used for a comparison group?
Operational definitions are always good because they accurately capture the intended construct.
What is False?
At the normal level of measurement, the values of variables -------
What is have no mathematical interpretation?
A sampling method in which elements are selected from strata in exact proportion to the representation in the population
What is proportionate stratified sampling?
It makes possible to assume that all other things are equal
What is randomization?
No comparison group
1. Fixed-sample panel design
2.Repeated measures panel design
What are the most common feature of before-and-after designs?