non-experiments
A researcher sits in class pretending to grade papers, but is actually counting how many students zone out in the morning vs. the end of the day.
Naturalistic observation
Researchers sample college students that use instagram to measure how phone usage affects distraction levels. What is wrong?
Sampling bias
What does the range exhibit?
The difference between highest and lowest values
The statement “stress is measured by increase in heart rate during a task“ is an:
operational definiton
A researcher gives one group a cookie while taking a test and the other group nothing. What is the independent variable?
Receiving a Cookie or nothing
People are asked if they prefer cats or dogs
survey
Participants must not use technology and can not stop once they have joined. What is missing?
voluntary participation
What do scatterplots show?
correlation
Researchers want to know if music affects music. They have one group study in silence and another group study while listening to the same playlist. At the end both groups take a memory test. What is the control condition?
Group in silence
In a study on coffee and water vs concentration, what is the qualitative variable?
Type of drink
A group of students that don’t sleep before tests are studied to see their grades, habits, and behaviors
case study
Participants take a test on concentration. Researchers tell participants in one group that they are receiving a drink that improves focus, but it is just flavored water. The second group is told that it is just flavored water. After drinking the first groups scores improved. This is an example of…
Placebo effect
What do line graphs represent?
Change in data over time
A study finds that night time routine affects mood but when done in another lab the results are different. this is what step?
Replication
A study tests whether studying with music improves memory, but some participants already like music and others don’t. What was not controlled?
Confounding variables
participants report how they feel when their phone is below 10%
survey
Participants are told their performance will change future opportunities. What is wrong?
deception and protection from harm
What data is the standard deviation representing on a normal curve?
Difference from mean
What must be part of any hypothesis?
A clear, testable, falsifiable prediction for the relationship between the IV and DV
Students are taught with 2 methods. The teachers have different amounts of experience. How should they fix this?
Use the same teacher for both groups
Participants play a game where they choose between $5 now or $10 later
observational study
Researchers want to measure children’s frustration during a game and only ask the parents. What should they have done?
Gotten Assent
What does a normal curve Look like?
Bell shape
If people sleep fewer than 5 hours a day, then their reaction times will be slower the next day. Is this a theory or a hypothesis?
Hypothesis
Participants drinking an energy drink or placebo. The energy drink group is younger on average. How should they fix this confounding variable?
stratified random sample