Variable Vibes
This variable is measured, AKA the experiment's outcome
What is the Dependent Variable
In this design, each participant experiences all levels of the IV
What is the Within-subjects design
The extent to which statistical conclusions are accurate and reliable
What is Statistical Validity
Assigning participants to groups by chance
What is Random Assignment
Participants responses are influenced by taking a test more than once
What are Testing Effects
This variable is manipulated by the researcher
What is the Independent Variable
This design type includes different groups assigned to different conditions
What is the Between-Subjects Design
The accuracy of how well a test measures what it claims to
What is Construct Validity
A study design where neither participants nor researchers know group assignments
What is a Double-Blind Study
Participants improve performance due to repetition
What are Practice Effects
This variable is observed and recorded, but not changed by the researcher
What is the Measured Variable
This design tests participants both before and after an intervention
What is the Pretest/Posttest Design
The extent to which results apply beyond the study
What is External Validity
Grouping participants by similar traits before random assignment
What are Matched Groups
Participants performance declines due to tiredness or boredom
What are Fatigue Effects
This variable is actively changed by the researcher
What is the Manipulated Variable
This design tests participants after the intervention
What is the Posttest-Only Design
This is when uncontrolled external variables or distractions introduce variability
What is Situation Noise
Varying the order of conditions to prevent order effects
What is Counterbalancing
The effects of one condition carry over to influence the next
What are Carryover Effects
This variable is held constant across all conditions, isolating the independent variable's effect
What is the Control Variable
This design measures before and after an intervention, but lacks a comparison group
What is the One-Group Pretest/Posttest Design
The degree to which the IV is the true cause of changes in the DV
What is Internal Validity
This happens when participants are not randomly assigned to groups
What are Selection Effects
Participants' responses change not because of the conditions, but because of the sequence in which they’re presented
What are Order Effects