Correlation vs Causation
This term describes when two variables appear to be related but one does not necessarily cause the other
What is Correlation
This type of data is descriptive and often involves language or interpretation
What is qualitative data
True or False, mean, median, and mode can sometimes all be the same value.
True!
This type of graph shows the distribution of a data set by splitting the data into bins and displaying the frequency of each bin
What is a histogram
This basic data structure is an ordered collection of elements, typically accessed by their position or index
What is an array
Researchers find that smoking is linked to an increased risk of lung cancer
what is causation
This type of data can only take on integer values, such as the number of students in a class.
What is discrete data
This statistical measure tells us how spread out the numbers in a data set are and is the square of the standard deviation
What is the variance
This type of plot displays data points and can show the relationship between two quantitative variables
What is a scatter plot
In an array, this is the index of the first element
What is 0
When two variables both decrease together, such as time spent exercising and body fat percentage, this type of correlation is observed
What is a negative correlation
This type of data can be any value within a range and includes measurements like time and weight.
What is continuous data
This type of distribution is symmetrical and bell-shaped, often referred to as the "normal distribution. What's another name for this distribution?
What is the Gaussian distribution
This graph uses boxes to represent the interquartile range and whiskers to show variability outside the upper and lower quartiles, often used to identify outliers
What is a box plot
This structure consists of nodes where each node contains data and a reference to the next node in the sequence
What is a linked list
Finding that students who attend more tutoring sessions have better grades, yet not being able to claim tutoring causes better grades, might be due to this kind of variable.
What is a confounding variable
This type of data can be both qualitative and quantitative, and includes categories such as "freshman," "sophomore," "junior," and "senior.
What is categorical data
The probability of an event happening given that another event has already happened is known as this
What is conditional probability
This type of graph displays quantitative data in a two-dimensional grid, with colors representing different values.
What is a heat map
This data structure can efficiently store and retrieve student grades based on their student ID.
What is a dictionary
This principle states that the simplest explanation is usually the correct one, often used to argue against unnecessary assumptions about causality.
What is Occam's Razor
This type of data can be categorized and ordered, but the intervals between categories are not meaningful or equal, such as ranks in a competition
What is ordinal data
This non-parametric test is used to determine if there are significant differences between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in one or more categories
What is the chi-square test
This visualization technique shows the structure of relationships within a dataset, where nodes represent data points and edges represent connections between them
What is a network graph
This term describes the first node in a linked list
What is the head