For an experiment comparing two methods for teaching social skills to autistic children, the independent variable is _______ and the dependent variable is _____.
What is teaching methods (IV); social skills (DV)?
100
A/An ______________ group is simply a treatment condition in which the participants do not receive the treatment being evaluated.
What is no treatment control?
100
Cohort effects are not a problem (they are mostly controlled) for _____ designs.
What is longitudinal?
100
Dr. James is interested in whether a new counseling treatment for alcohol abuse causes decreased drinking for those with alcohol problems. He recruits individuals at his clinic to go through the program and he compares their level of drinking to individuals from a neighboring hospital who were placed on a waitlist for the treatment. This is an example of the ____ method of research.
What is quasi-experimental?
100
The following statement describes an advantage of a/an ____________ design. "The experimenter’s ability to draw conclusions about the causal relationship between variables is maximized."
What is experimental?
200
___________ is the creation of conditions within an experiment that closely duplicate the natural environment being examined.
What is simulation?
200
Many researchers have investigated the relationship between smoking marijuana and work productivity. Results from these studies indicate that people who smoke more marijuana have less productivity at work. However, it is equally reasonable to consider that people who are less productive at work are naturally inclined to smoke marijuana. This example is a demonstration of the ________ problem.
What is directionality?
200
A research study attempts to describe the relationship between self-esteem and birth order position by measuring self-esteem for each individual in a group of first-born boys, and then comparing the results with self-esteem scores for a group of later-born boys. This study is an example of a/an ______ design.
What is non-experimental?
200
UMBC offers all students an optional seminar on study skills. Suppose a researcher compares personality scores for students who elected to take the seminar with scores for students who did not. The quasi-independent variable in this study is __________.
What is election/decision to participate in the seminar?
200
__________ studies involve conducting research in a real-world environment.
What is Field?
300
Experimental designs are used when researchers want to establish a ___________ relationship between variables.
What is cause and effect?
300
Dr. Nash is interested in the effectiveness of a mindfulness intervention on criminal intentions for former offenders. He randomly assigns his participants to 3 different treatment conditions: 1) a thirty minute mindfulness session, 2) a one hour long mindfulness session, and 3) a five hour long mindfulness session (spread over one week). The differing time frames of his treatment conditions are considered to be the _________ of his independent variable.
What is levels?
300
A researcher introduces a new mathematics program in one school district and uses a neighboring district as a no-treatment control group. Before the program begins, the students in both districts are given a standardized mathematics test. After the program is in place for 6 months, the students are tested again and the researcher compares the before and after scores for the two groups. This research study is classified as _________.
What is quasi-experimental?
300
One weakness of a ________ developmental design is that a researcher cannot say anything about how a particular individual develops over time because individuals are not followed over years in this design (they are only assessed once).
What is cross-sectional?
300
A ____________ directly measures whether the manipulated independent variable had the intended effect on the participant.
What is manipulation check?
400
______, _______, ________, and ________ are the four basic elements of an experimental design.
What is manipulation, measurement, comparison, and control?
400
Dr. Morgan wants to understand how people behave in various situations related to riding an elevator. He uses the elevator in his building, and has trained “confederate” (actor) students to create the independent variable-related conditions for the experiment. Then, the confederates record the behavior of the unknowing research participants who happen to ride the elevator at that time. This type of study would be considered a:
What is field study?
400
This research design is used by a researcher comparing self-esteem scores for children from divorced families versus scores for children from families with no divorce.
a. differential research design
b. pretest-only nonequivalent control group design
What is (a) differential research design?
400
A time series design has a series of observations for each participant before a treatment or event and a series of observations after the treatment or event. Sometimes the "treatment or event" is out of the control of the researcher/not manipulated by the researcher. The latter example, describes a ______ design.
What is interrupted time series?
400
These two designs are often confused. However, the distinction between the two is that in the _______ design, participant characteristics are used to create groups. On the other hand, in the ______ design, all participants are treated as a single group.
What is differential; correlational?
500
In order for a researcher to prevent an extraneous variable from becoming a confounding variable, they should employ _________.
Hint: The answer is one of the four basic elements of an experimental design.
What is control?
500
Increased ______ validity is an advantage of a field study over a laboratory study.
What is external?
500
The following pattern of Xs and Os represents a _______ design.
O O O O O X O O O O O
What is time series?
500
The following pattern of Xs and Os represents a _______ design.
O X O
What is one group pretest-posttest?
500
Experimental studies are similar to quasi-experimental studies. However, one factor that distinguishes the two is that experimental studies ____________.
What is "always have a major flaw" OR "fail to satisfy at least one requirement of a true experiment"