Ch 8
A measurement error that has no consistent pattern of effects
Random Error
These questions often encourage particular responses more than other questions in a questionnaire
biased
Social Work research studies often use
nonprobability sampling
A student analyzing a book and notices an overuse of male pronouns and assumes the book is sexist is using this qualitative approach
Latent content
A descriptive statistic that portrays how far away from the mean individual scores on average are located
Standard Deviation
This science of symbols and meanings, often used in content analysis, explores how we collectively agree on the meaning of signs and language
Semiotics
The average of the correlations between the scores of all possible subsets of half the items on a scale
Coefficient Alpha
A type of measure that presents respondents with statements followed by response choices so that respondents can indicate their degree of agreement or disagreement with each statement
Likert Scale
This error in population surveys often show a large difference between the true population parameter and the estimated population parameter
Sampling error
What is a form of research in which the data collected and processed by one researcher are reanalyzed—often for a different purpose—by another?
Secondary analysis
This term is used when evaluation the meaningfulness of a finding in a study of the effectiveness of a clinical intervention
Clinical significance
What is the most frequently observed value or attribute called?
The mode
This measure is based only on subjective judgement, and can therefore only seem to be reasonable
Face validity
This type of composite measure is constructed from several items arranged in a logical or empirical structure to capture a variable
scales
This is a precise, scientific procedure for selecting sample elements, ensuring each member of a large population has an equal chance to be chosen.
Random sampling
A method for analyzing data that includes alternate forms of existing data such as books, journal or magazine articles, newspapers, television shows or commercials, agency reports, process notes recorded by direct service practitioners, etc
Content analysis
This describes the number of times different attributes of a variable appear in your sample, typically shown in a table or chart format.
Frequency distributions
In qualitative analysis, it aims to uncover implicit assumptions and structures in social life through scrutiny of how we converse with each other
Conversational analysis
This quality of measurement ensures that repeated observations of the same phenomenon would yield the same data every time but should not be confused with validity.
Reliability
This technique solicits a more complete answer to a question in a nondirective and unbiased manner.
probe
Selecting a sample based on your own judgement of which units would be the most representative or useful
Purposive sampling
Three measures of central tendency
mean, median, mode
This method attempts to establish theories on a purely inductive basis. This approach begins with observations rather than hypothesis and seeks to discover patterns and develop theories from the ground up, with no preconceptions.
Grounded theory method
This type of validity describes the degree to which measure of the concept under investigation have both convergent and discriminant validity.
Construct validity
An unplanned and unanticipated interaction between an interviewer and a respondent that occurs naturally during the course of an observation is known as
Informal Conversational Interview
A method for assessing a measure's consistency or stability is called
test-retest reliability