How many possible values do binomial variables have?
2
100
Surveys are best suited for studies using what level of analysis?
individuals (but can be used for any)
100
What type of data do closed-ended questions provide?
quantitative
100
Are CJ interviewers typically insiders or outsiders?
outsiders
100
What is the most commonly used sampling method in field research?
snowball
200
A theoretically specified grouping of study elements.
population
200
Questions that encourage respondents to answer in a particular way.
biased questions
200
People who provide data for analysis by responding to survey questionnaires.
respondents
200
The connection between researchers and participants that is usually formed from informal conversation.
rapport
200
What is the main challenge to the validity of a field research project?
reactivity
300
The unit about which information is collected and that provides the basis of analysis.
sample element
300
What is the use of computer algorithms to generate lists of random telephone numbers called?
random digit dialing
300
What are the 3 types of interview schedules?
structured, semi-structured, unstructured
300
Mental representations of physical locations that are not officially recorded.
cognitive maps
300
A safety audit is a form of what type of structured observation technique?
environment survey
400
Probability theory states that what % of samples will produce estimates that fall within one standard error of the parameter?
68%
400
What is the percentage of people contacted who actually fully participate in a survey called?
response rate
400
Structured observations that are undertaken in the field and recorded on specially designed forms.
environment surveys
400
The suppression of opposing opinions within a group due to the shared psychological need to minimize conflict and reach consensus.
groupthink
400
What are the 4 roles of observation?
complete participant, participant as observer, observer as participant, complete observer
500
What is an inherent threat to internal validity that is associated with systematic sampling?
periodicity
500
This type of survey involves the respondent keying the answers on a computer, which are then scrambled so that the interviewer cannot individually access them.
computer-assisted self-interviewing
500
What are 3 types of probes that researchers can use during an interview to elicit more in-depth answers from respondents?
attention, continuation, clarification, etc.
500
Philosophical view that reality exists but knowledge is constructed through multiple meanings.
critical realist perspective
500
Since generalizability is difficult to achieve with field research, what level of external validity do field researchers attempt to achieve?