When a confounding variable is present in an experiment, one cannot tell whether the results were truly due to this variable.
What is the IV?
100
Exposing participants to a simulated real-world event (often using confederates) is this type of manipulation.
What is staged manipulation?
100
This type of design involves manipulating 2 or more independent variables.
What is a factorial design?
100
In an ABAB design, this period is denoted by the "A".
What is the baseline period?
200
"Generalizability" is directly related to this type of validity.
What is External Validity?
200
The most common types of these measures include interviews and questionnaires.
What are self-report measures?
200
These two pieces of information are what one can gather from the results of a factorial design.
What are Main Effects and Interactions?
200
This is a type of design that attempts to approximate the control features of true experiments, but uses non-manipulated variables and lacks random assignment.
What is a quasi-experimental design?
300
One major problem with this type of design is that participants may be sensitized to the measures and, thus, the true purpose of the experiment.
What is a Pretest-Posttest Design?
300
This effect occurs when a measure is considered "too easy", and results in a large number of maximum scores by participants.
What is a ceiling effect?
300
One type of factorial design involves one manipulated variable - the IV, and one non-manipulated variable - this variable.
What is the participant variable (PV)?
300
When a naturally occurring change in the participant (that is not part of the manipulation) has an effect on the dependent variable, it is referred to as this type of effect.
What is a maturation effect?
400
Researchers refer to this term as the phenomenon of participants dropping out of a study (often due to boredom or study length).
What is attrition or mortality rate?
400
A researcher believes that one group of students in her experiment is more motivated than another simply because they are in an honors class. Her belief demonstrates this type of effect.
What is experimenter expectancy effect or experimenter bias?
400
This type of variable influences the relationship between two other variables, and may change the outcome of that relationship.
What is a moderator variable?
400
This type of method examines cohorts of participants of different ages at one period in time.
What is a cross-sectional method?
500
When a researcher presents his participants with all possible orders of presentation of conditions, he is employing this technique, designed to control for order effects.
What is counterbalancing?
500
Any feature of an experiment that might inform participants of the purpose of the study is called this.
What is a demand characteristic?
500
This type of complex design with 2 IVs also has one set of independent groups (between-subjects conditions) combined with one set of repeated measures (within-subjects conditions).
What is a mixed factorial design?
500
These types of participant differences are likely to occur when researchers use pre-existing groups found in natural settings as a sample in their studies.