Experiments
This designates participants to either a control or an experimental group via coin flip or number generator in order to minimize bias and increase chance of equal representation among groups.
What is random assignment?
A summary of how often different scores or values occur for a variable within a sample, usually illustrated by bar graphs (histograms) and tables.
What is frequency distribution?
In descriptive statistics, the mean, median and mode are measures of…
What are measures of central tendency?
This is calculated by dividing the number of actual participants by those in the entire sample
What is response rate?
A method used to combine and contrast results across multiple studies in a particular area (experimental & nonexperimental).
What is a Meta-analysis?
Research approach which uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.
What is mixed methods approach?
A variable that is typically manipulated and is presumed to affect another variable.
What is an independent variable?
In a meta-analysis, this statistic calculates and measures the sizes of associations between variables or the sizes of differences between group means.
What is an effect size?
This refers to the p-value required in order to reject the null hypothesis and assume the alternative hypothesis is true. (p≤0.05, or p≤0.01)
What is level of significance?
Participants are selected because they are easily accessible. Easiest, cheapest, and less time consuming. (Ex: classmates, family members, friends, etc.)
What is convenience sampling?
A research design where the researcher evaluates the impact of administering and withdrawing the treatment to see if the treatment has an effect.
What is an ABA Reversal Design?
Would also accept ABAB Reversal Design.
Type of research expressed in words. It is used to understand concepts, thoughts or experiences. This type of research enables you to gather in-depth insights on topics that are not well understood.
What is qualitative research?
In an experiment, the group containing the subjects who are not exposed to the independent variable.
What is a control group?
The average amount of variability in your data set and the relation that set of scores has to the mean of the sample.
What is standard deviation?
This relates to whether the results of a study are of practical significance and have meaningful impact on clinical practices.
What is clinical significance?
Sampling technique that gathers samples, and allows everyone within the population an equal chance of being selected.
What is probability sampling?
Type of research design that uses coding systems to study the content of some form of recorded media or communication. (Ex: TV, movies, speeches, or publications, journals, etc.)
What is content analysis?
This research is expressed in numbers and graphs. It is used to test or confirm theories and assumptions. This type of research can be used to establish generalizable facts or results.
What is quantitative research?
Type of hypothesis that is the opposite of the hypothesis being tested.
What is the null hypothesis?
This statistic represents the probability that the observed relationship in the sample could be due to sampling error. Typically set at ≤0.05
What is the P-value?
A bi-variate statistical test used to evaluate whether the mean scores across two or more groups are different.
What is ANOVA (analysis of variance)?
This occurs due to chance or random factors that may result in a sample not being 100% representative of the population.
What is sampling error?
A type of research that focuses on the processes that occur in therapy and how changes occurred.
What is process research?
A quantitative, experimental design with one dependent variable and two or more independent variables (factors). This allows researchers to test for main effects and interaction effects. (Ex: 3x2x2)
What is a factorial design?
When researchers accept the null hypothesis and assume the alternative hypothesis is not true (sampling error is assumed, but the relationship actually does exist in the population).
What is a Type II Error?
Type of statistics which allow the researcher to infer generalizations about the population from the sample studiedd.
What is inferential statistics?
A multivariate statistical analysis that allows researchers to use more than one independent variable to predict a dependent variable. (Hint: multiple IVs)
What is multiple regression?
Type of sampling done when there is a small population size. The researcher starts with a specific target person, with hopes that they will put them in contact with other people to be studied.
What is snowball sampling?
A type of research where individuals or relationships of different ages are studied at the same time to measure their similarities and/or differences. Also attempts to study how things change over time.
What is cross-sectional research?
Quantitative research uses surveys with closed-ended questions, whereas, qualitative research uses interviews with...
What is open-ended questions?