Experiments
The way that participants are allocated to conditions in a true experiment.
Randomly.
Participants are in their usual enviornment and a researcher collects data
A naturalistic participant observation.
The biggest downside of descriptive/correlational research
That correlation is not causation - we can't establish a cause/effect relationship
Harlow's study using monkeys was an example of...
An experiment
the group to which an independent variable is applied
experimental group
Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?
Case study
Name two limitations of the case study method.
Researcher bias; takes long time; difficult to generalize to other populations; not replicable.
Goodall's study of primates was an example of...
Naturalistic observation
The variable that changes value because of the systematic manipulation in the experiment.
Why would you use correlational research to study the effects of cigarette smoking?
it is not practical or ethical to manipulate people's smoking behavior.
The problem cause when the experiment's subjects are not representative of the whole population from which it was drawn.
Sampling bias
If I wanted to study the entire population East-West, I should choose an equal number of participants from each grade so that they are ...
a representative sample of the population
Why it is important to replicate research.
To establish the reliability of the study.
As class absences increase, GPA tends to decrease. These variables are ----
Negatively correlated
When a participant acts in a specific way to avoid looking bad, dishonest or unpatriotic in front of the researcher.
Social Desirability Effect
Mrs. Smith, an elementary school teacher, believes that girls are smarter than boys. She predicts that the girls in her class will learn more than the boys during the school year. Her prediction is a(n)
Hypothesis
When an experiment is done so that neither the people who are doing the experiment nor the people who are the subjects of the experiment know which of the groups being studied is the control group and which is the test group.
Double blind control.
Name one participant effect that may distort the results of an observation.
Social desirability effect, Halo effect, Placebo effect
a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment
placebo effect
Paulo tells you that he just completed an experiment in his botany class, and the results he obtained were statistically significant. This means that the results he obtained
Were unlikely to be a result of chance variations in his sample.