Type of claim supported by bivariate correlations?(Hint: frequency, association, or causal)
What is Association?
100
This must occur for a study to be called “longitudinal”
What is ?Measuring the same variables in the same sample of people across time?
100
This type of variable is the one researchers have control over (i.e., assign participants to levels of)?
(Hint: Measured or Manipulated)
What is a ?Manipulated Variable?
100
This threat to internal validity refers to changes in participant behaviors that emerge spontaneously over time?(Hint: history, maturation, regression, attrition, testing, or instrumentation effects)
What are ?Maturation Effects?
100
Any study that has two or more independent variables is also called this type of design
What is a Factorial Design?
200
Both variables in a bivariate correlation must be this type ?(Hint: Measured or Manipulated Variables)
What are Measured Variables?
200
This is one of three criteria to establish causality that is the focus in longitudinal designs?(Hint: Covariance, ?Temporal Precedence, ?or Internal Validity)
What is ?Temporal Precedence?
200
This is one of the three criteria to establish causation, which is only satisfied by experiments?
(Hint: Covariance, ?Temporal Precedence, ?or Internal Validity)
What is ?Internal Validity?
200
This threat to internal validity refers to the tendency for extreme scores to gravitate toward the mean over time?(Hint: history, maturation, regression, attrition, testing, or instrumentation effects)
What are ?Regression Effects?
200
When looking at a table of means in a factorial study, this is where you will find means that represent the main effects
What are the? Margins?
300
The strength of a correlation coefficient depends on how close it is to this number
What is 1 or -1?
300
This is one of the three criteria to establish causality that is the focus in multiple regression ?(Hint: Covariance, ?Temporal Precedence, ?or Internal Validity)
What is ?Internal Validity?
300
This threat to internal validity occurs when participants in different groups differ from each other systematically
(Hint: Design confound, ?selection effects, ?or order effects)
What are ?Selection Effects?
300
This hyphenated term refers to a type of study wherein neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the treatment or control groups; the process prevents observer bias and demand characteristics
What are ?Double-Blind Studies?
300
When conducting a factorial design, this type of finding is the most important one and occurs when the effect of the IV on the DV depends on the level of the other IV
What is an ?Interaction Effect?
400
This value represents the likelihood that the sample statistic was found by chance alone?(Hint: it’s also a letter)
What is a "p" value?
400
This is the Greek letter used in regression that represents the direction and strength of relationship between predictor and criterion variables
What is Beta?
400
This refers to a type of variable in experiments which is held constant across participants; researchers use them to prevent design confounds from occurring
What are ?Control Variables?
400
This term refers to how far apart a participant’s “true” score and measured score are on a dependent variable; it’s also a cause of high within-group variability
What is? Measurement Error?
400
If you read about a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial study, this would be the number of main effects (i.e., independent variables) to examine
What is 3?
500
This is one of three threats to statistical validity for correlation coefficients
What is an Outlier??
What is Restriction of Range?
What is Curvilinear Relationships between Variables?
500
This alliteration describes using multiple converging correlations to provide evidence for a causal link between variables
What is ?Pattern and Parsimony?
500
This term refers to how researchers correct for order effects in within-groups types of experiments
What is ?Counterbalancing?
500
This term refers to the likelihood that researchers will find a statistically significant result when the IV and DV are related in the population
What is ?Power?
500
If you read about a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial study, this would be the number of cells in the body of the table of means