Acquiring Knowledge
Scientific Process
Variables
Validity 1
Validity 2
100
A means of obtaining information that relies on observation.
What is empiricism?
100
Books, scientific journals, and presentations at conferences.
What are methods for communicating research findings?
100
How someone acts.
What is a behavioral variable?
100
Unplanned factors that can affect an experiment's outcome.
What are extraneous variables or confounds?
100
Claims to find a significant result when in fact there really isn't one.
What is a Type I error?
200
His laboratory was where psychology was started as an independent scientific discipline.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
200
Must provide approval before data can be collected.
What is an IRB or RERB?
200
Characteristics of a subjects, such as age, gender, IQ.
What is an organismic variable?
200
Inability to find a significant result, when in fact, there really is one.
What is Type II error?
200
External events that occur during a study that can potentially affect results.
What is history?
300
Knowledge gained through empirical observation.
What are facts?
300
Distinguishes experimental from non-experimental research.
What is random assignment?
300
Expected to change as the result of experimental manipulation.
What is the dependent variable?
300
Subjects may change their behavior when they know they are being assessed.
What is reactivity of assessment?
300
Tendency of extreme scores to drift back towards the mean.
What is regression to the mean?
400
Inferring broader concepts based on specific facts.
What is inductive thinking?
400
Predicts an outcome of the study.
What is the experimental hypothesis?
400
Manipulated by the researcher.
What is the independent variable?
400
Increase in experiment-wise error is due to this.
What are multiple comparisons?
400
Subjects respond to subtle cues which influence how they perform.
What are cues of the experimental situation?
500
Predicting specific phenomenon from general theory.
What is deductive thinking?
500
The prediction that there will be no significant finding.
What is the null hypothesis?
500
Internal (e.g. mood) and external (e.g. noise) factors that affect subjects.
What are stimulus variables?
500
Is a function of the interaction of sample size, effect size, and alpha.
What is power?
500
Ordering of the interventions may affect results.
What are sequence effects?
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