Foundations Topics
Exp v. Non-Exp Rsrch
APA
SPSS/Stats
Observational Rsrch
100
Write a non-directional hypothesis regarding the relationship between gender and fast food consumption.
"It is predicted that males and females will differ in their fast food consumption" or "researchers expect to find a relationship between gender and fast food consumption"
100
In a non-experimental study, which variable is manipulated by the researcher?
Neither. The IV and DV are both measured
100
Is the following an example of a direct or indirect citation? (Rau et al., 2008)
An indirect citation.
100
Spongebob wants to test the relationship between Krabby Patty consumption (patties per day) and body weight (in pounds). Are his variables categorical or continuous?
Continuous (both patty consumption and body weight).
100
What is the ideal IRR and what is the required minimum?
100% is the ideal IRR and you need at least 70%
200
What involves making claims that appear to be scientific but actually violate the criteria of science?
Pseudoscience
200
Spongebob wants to test the relationship between Krabby Patty consumption (patties per day) and body weight. So everyday he records his weight as well as his total Krabby Patty intake. Is Spongebob conducting experimental or non-experimental research? How do you know?
His research is non-experimental because he is simply measuring naturally occurring behavior without any manipulation.
200
List 5 components of an APA-style title page.
Running head, page number, title, authors names, affiliation or institution, and Author Note.
200
Which statistic should Spongebob run to test the relationship between Krabby Patty consumption (patties per day) and body weight (in pounds)?
A Pearson Correlation
200
What are the specific detailed instructions for how a variable is going to be measured or coded in a study?
The operational definition
300
What are the three goals of science?
description, prediction, and explanation
300
Spongebob wants to test the relationship between Krabby Patty consumption and body weight. What is Spongebob’s IV and what is his DV?
IV= Krabby patty consumption DV= body weight
300
Identify 3 differences between scholarly and popular literature.
Type of publication: Academic journal vs. magazine/online Author: Expert on topic vs. lay reporter Audience: Scholars/students vs. general public Goal: Inform/update vs. entertain Citations: Footnotes/Bibliography vs. none Writing level: academic vs. 7-10th grade level Length: up to 30 pages vs. 1-3 pages Graphics: used to illustrate point vs. visual impact Advertisements: limited to none vs. many
300
When Spongebob ran his analysis, his output illustrated a 2-tailed statistic. Based on this information, was Spongebob testing a directional or non-directional hypothesis?
A non-directional hypothesis
300
In order to have a valid measure you must also have what?
Reliability
400
What are the three ways that observational research can be categorized?
Naturalistic (field) or laboratory; participant or non-participant; disguised or undisguised
400
What is a variable?
An event or behavior that has at least two values
400
When writing in APA, what are 3 instances where numbers should be written out?
When beginning a sentence, title, or text heading with a number; when writing common fractions; when writing numbers less than 10; using universally accepted language (i.e., the Twelve Apostles)
400
Spongebob is analyzing the results of his statistical analysis. According to his output, his sig. is .026. What is Spongebob's p-value and are his results significant?
p = .03, which is less than .05, indicating significant results.
400
During Jess and Casey's research, they made a total of 120 observations in which they disagreed 6 times. What is their level of inter-rater reliability?
# times agreed (114)/ # total observations (120)= 95% IRR
500
What are expectancy effects?
The influence of the researcher's expectations on the outcome of the study
500
What are three types of descriptive methods used by researchers?
Observational, case study, and survey
500
Write an APA-style reference list entry using the following information. 'Antecedents and Consequences of Online Social Networking Behavior: The Case of Facebook' was written by Adam Acar in May of 2008 in Storrs, Connecticut. The article was published in pages 62-83 in the 3rd volume of the Journal of Website Promotion. The publisher is the Haworth Press and the article does not contain a doi.
Acar, A. (2008). Antecedents and consequences of online social networking behavior: The case of Facebook. [I]Journal of Website Promotion, 3[I], 62-83.
500
The results of Spongebob's analysis show a correlation of 0.67812 between Krabby Patty consumption and body weight. Is this correlation weak, moderate, or strong? And since Spongebob never took research methods, how would you explain the relationship between his variables to him in plain English?
What is a strong correlation (.68 > .5), suggesting that as Krabby patty consumption increases, body weight will increase as well.
500
When recording voices and images in observational research, what are two situations where researchers may dispense with informed consent?
1.) When research consists solely of naturalistic observations in public places and is not expected to cause personal identification or harm 2.) The research design includes deception and consent is obtained during debriefing
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