APA & Levels of Measurement
Age is considered what type of level of measurement for our RP1 and RP2?
What is the term for people under the age of 18 participating in a study, where they have to gain permission to participate from their parents?
Informed Assent
Sally is developing a measure of job skills so includes items the job supervisor feels are relevant for the job, What type of validity is this?
Face Validity: the degree to which a procedure, especially a psychological test or assessment, appears effective in terms of its stated aims
Dr. Rubin is conducting a study to examine the difference between college Freshmen’s drinking behaviors depending on a new safe drinking program that the college wants to implement. She randomly assigns each college freshman into a group that receives the safe drinking program and a group who doesn't receive the safe drinking program. She collects data on the amount of drinking from college freshmen throughout the year in order to run analyses.
What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Amount of drinking
When participants are categorized into predetermined groups based on a common difference that the researcher cannot change, rather than through random assignment, this design is referred to as a(n) ____________ design.
quasi-experimental
The level of difficulty in a measure is categorized this way: 3 for very difficult, 2 for moderate, and 1 for easy. This measure is an example of a(n) ____________ scale.
Ordinal
What has been the sampling method we've used for project one and two?
Convenience Sampling
_____ validity is the extent to which findings may be generalized, while _____ validity refers to the ability to infer that there is a causal relationship between variables.
External, Internal
A researcher desires to study the difference in stress between morning and afternoon employee's ability to perform at work. However, he finds that there is no significant difference between the two. He also notices that presence of a supervisor in the environment may be effecting the stress levels of these employees in one group. In this context, supervisor's presence is acting as a _____ variable.
Confounding Variable
A study examined the relationship between years spent smoking and a person's health. If this was a negative relationship between these variables, what would the results of the study be?
The more years spent smoking, the less likely they would be healthy
What level of measurement describes the data below?
0, 4, 15, 29, 26, 23, 24, 21, 16, 23, 20, 23, 24, 18, 20, 22, 23, 17, 28, 19, 21, 20, 28, 25
Ratio
A study is investigating differences in buying something depending on advertisements based on different brands. There are three brands he is using, so there will ultimately be three groups where he will be assessing their differences in likelihood to buy that product. If he has everyone in his sample look at each of the three products in a sequential order, what type of design is he using?
Within Groups Design
A person's weight is assessed three times and we observe the following measurements: 98, 106, and 75 degrees. You should conclude that the _____ of the thermometer is _____.
reliability or validity / high or low?
reliability; low
If the Levene's test shows that p = .064, which row of stats would you use in the T-test analysis?
Equal Variances Assumed or Equal Variances Not Assumed?
Equal Variances Assumed
If a Pearson correlation shows that r = -.454, what is the direction and strength of the correlation?
Negative, Moderate
Strength is determined by the number of the coefficient (r):
Direction is determined by the + or - symbol:
Write the citation from this reference in two ways:
Ramos, A. M., Scott, J. M., & Griffin, A. M. (2019). Did I Inherit My Moral Compass? Examining Socialization and Evocative Mechanisms for Virtuous Character Development. Behavior Genetics, 49(2), 175–186.
Ramos et al. (2019)
(Ramos et al., 2019)
Alex wants to conduct an experiment on people's perceptions of tattoos. He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by having participants receive tattoos on their arms. The tattoos will vary in size and color. An ethical review board would most likely be concerned about.
A. the size and color of the tattoo.
B. the monetary cost of the tattoo
C. the physical risk to the participants.
C. the physical risk to the participants.
Scott's measure on depression represents the symptoms that define the depression criteria. What type of validity is this?
Content Validity: the extent to which a test or measurement accurately reflects the theoretical concept or construct it's designed to measure.
Differences in GPA was assessed between Psych and Math majors. The following stats are given for this:
p = .035
Psych (M = 3.9, SD = 1.3) Math (M = 3.2, SD = .09)
Write a sentence describing if there is a significant difference or not between these groups.
A significant difference in GPA between psych and math majors was found where psych majors had higher GPA's compared to math majors.
Double Jeopardy!
A relationship between talking on the phone while driving and speeding was assessed. The results show: r = .303, p = .045.
Write a sentence describing the relationship given these stats:
The more a person talks on the phone while driving the more likely they are to speed.
Write the reference for this source:
Title: Self-concept & motivation
Authors: Cody Jensen, Rubén Munoz
Publication Year: 2014
Volume: 12
Pages: 118-123
Journal: Learning Differences
Jensen, C. & Munoz, R. (2014). Self-concept & motivation, Learning Differences, 12,118-123
A researcher is interested in student's attitudes toward an internship as a requirement for completion of the degree. She obtains a list of all students who are psychology majors, randomly selects 100, and surveys all of the selected students. What type of sampling technique has she employed?
Simple random sampling
Double Jeopardy!
What are three ways to reduce socially desirable responses?
Cover story, forced choice questions, anonymous responses
Double Jeopardy!
Given the following stats, write them in APA format:
t = 4.03, df = 39, p = .079
(t (39) = 4.03, p = .079)
Given the following stats, write them in APA format:
Pearson correlation: .104
Sig (2 tailed): .054
N = 102
(r (102) = .104, p = .054)