Intro to Scientific Thinking
Generating Testable Ideas
Research Ethics
Sampling Science
Between or Within
100
This is a specific, testable claim or prediction about what you expect to observe given a set of circumstances
What is a research hypothesis, or hypothesis?

"Research question" also acceptable

100

*****Double Jeopardy*******

Defined as a canon of science that states that, all else being equal, simpler explanations should be preferred to more complex ones
What is parsimony?
100
This ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that it is the researcher's responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study.
What is beneficence?
100
This is defined as one in which the characteristics of individuals or items in the sample resemble those in a target population of interest.
What is a representative sample?
100
A group that receives a treatment or is exposed to a manipulation believed to cause changes in a dependent variable.
The experimental group, or treatment group.
200
A set of ALL individuals, items, or data of interest about which scientist will generalize
What is a population?
200
A broad statement used to account for or explain an existing body of knowledge and also provides unique predictions to advance that body of knowledge
What is a theory?
200
The acronym, IRB, stands for ______.
What is institutional review board?
200
This is a category of sampling in which the sample is selected directly from the target population. This sort of sampling method is used when the probability of selecting each individual in a population is known and every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
What is probability sampling?
200
A group that is treated the same as an experimental group, except that participants are not treated; that is, the manipulation is omitted.
What is the control group?
300
A set of selected individuals, items, or data taken from a population of interest.
What is a sample?
300
The type of reasoning you use to generate ideas from observations, or a "bottom-up" type of reasoning, is called ________?
Inductive Reasoning
300
This is a signed or verbal agreement in which participants state they are willing to participate in a research study after being informed of all aspects of their role in the study.
What is Informed Consent?
300
Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio/scale
Scales of Measurement

or levels of measurement

300
A type of factor in which different participants are observed in each group, or at each level of the factor. (Each participant experiences only one level of the IV)
What is a between-subjects factor or variable?
400
This is a description of some observable event in terms of the specific process or manner by which it was observed or measured.
What is an operational definition?
400
The reasoning we use to develop ideas to test predictions, or a "top down" type of reasoning in which a claim is used to generate ideas or predictions and make observations
What is deductive reasoning?
400
This is a co-researcher or actor who pretends to be a participant in a research study for the purposes of scientific investigation.
What is a confederate?
400
This is a bias in sampling in which the sampling procedures employed in the study favor certain individuals or groups over others
What is Sampling bias, or selection bias?
400
This research design is also called a repeated-measures design, and is a research design in which the same participants are observed in each group of a research study. (All participants experience all levels of the IV)
What is a within-subjects design?
500

***** DOUBLE JEOPARDY******

This is defined as any value or characteristic that can change or vary from one person to another or from one situation to another.



What is a variable?
500
This type of bias is defined as a misleading approach to citing sources that occurs when an author or authors cite only evidence that supports their view and fail to cite existing evidence that refutes their view.
What is citation bias?
500
This is defined as a strategy used by researchers in which participants are deliberately misled concerning the true purpose and nature of the research being conducted.
What is deception?
500
*****DOUBLE JEOPARDY****

A mathematical formula that allows researchers to determine the likelihood of obtaining sample outcomes if the null hypothesis were true.

We use SPSS to find it

What is a Test Statistic?
500

****Triple Jeopardy****

This is a source of variance in a dependent measure that is caused by or associated with observing different participants within each group.
What is within-group variability?
M
e
n
u