Surveys
If we distribute a questionnaire to every individual in a population, we are conducting this type of survey research.
What is a census?
In social science research, this is the group of people being studied, defined according to at least one shared characteristic.
What is a population?
This kind of experimental design involves subjecting all the research participants in our study to a control condition and an experimental condition.
What is a one-group (within-subjects) design?
We say a research project has this, when there is consistency and predictability in measurement.
What is reliability?
These are the three measures of central tendency.
What are mean, median, and mode?
A customer satisfaction survey includes the question: "How satisfied are you with the speed of delivery and quality of product(s) you ordered?" This is an example of a _______________ question.
What is a double-barrelled question?
This is a list that represents an entire population, and is needed in order to do probability sampling.
What is a sampling frame?
Researchers in the "Monkey Equality" experiment made this type of comparison in order to test their hypothesis and draw their conclusions.
What is a "before and after" comparison? (Within-subjects design).
If we can generalize the results of our study to a "real-world" context, we say that it has this type of validity.
What is external validity?
Asking a participant how satisfied they are with their RM teacher, on a scale of 1-10, would produce data at this level of measurement.
What is ordinal?
Online surveys and paper questionnaires are examples of this, which are less time consuming to conduct when we want data from a large sample.
What are group-administered surveys?
These are the four types of probability sampling.
What are random, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling?
In a two-group design, this is the term given to the group NOT subjected to the experimental condition (e.g. receiving the placebo).
What is the control group?
By having the same capuchin perform the same task more than once, and observing its reactions to a less desirable reward each time, the researchers in the "Monkey Equality" study ensured this type of reliability.
What is test-retest reliability?
A study of peak break-up times according to Facebook status updates indicated the most status changes in early March and two weeks before Christmas, reflecting this kind of distribution.
What is a bi-modal distribution?
In their study on "Sexual Esteem in Emerging Adulthood", Maas and Lefkowitz conducted this type of survey in order to test their hypotheses.
What is a sample survey?
This kind of sampling method is used when a sampling frame is difficult or impossible to determine, is useful for tracing social networks, and involves asking existing informants about potential new informants.
What is snowball sampling?
The randomized controlled trials discussed in "Immunisation in Rural India" used this type of experimental design.
What is a between-subjects design?
The study on hyper-masculinity in men's magazine advertisements passed this type of reliability test.
What is inter-rater reliability?
Similar to a frequency table, a ____________ presents data for two variables simultaneously, allowing for bivariate statistical analysis.
What is a crosstab?
When constructing closed-ended questions in a survey, we need to ensure that closed-format responses (i.e. answer categories) should be these three things.
What are mutually exclusive, exhaustive, and balanced (e.g. in terms of +/- options).
When generalizations can be made about a sample that apply to an entire population, we say that the sample is this.
What is representative?
This is one of the primary limitations of the experimental method, when it comes to social research.
What are the ethical limitations of experimental situations/conditions you can impose on actual living people.
In a ______ _______ _______, the people participating are randomly allocated to either the group receiving the treatment under investigation or to a group receiving standard treatment (or placebo treatment) as the control. This is the term Ester Duflo uses to describe her study in rural India.
What is a randomized controlled trial?
Pearson's r is a correlational statistic that can only be used to examine the relationship between variables at this/these level(s) of measurement.
What are interval and ratio?