Research & Biases
A researcher wants to see if there is a relationship between a person’s birth order and his or her leadership ability. This is the best method for answering this question.
What is a correlational study?
They have the authority to approve, require modifications in, or disapprove research.
What is the IRB?
How well a test measures the behavior for which it is intended
What is content validity?
A clear, concise detailed definition of a variabe
What is operationalization?
How many independent variables are in a 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 factorial design?
4
Direct observation of behavior in a natural setting without any attempt by the observer to intervene
What is Naturalistic Observation?
A researcher should utilize _______ to carry out concealment.
What is deception?
The degree to which two measures of constructs that theoretically should be related, are in fact related.
What is construct validity?
An outside influence that changes the effect of a dependent and independent variable
What is a confounding variable?
Uses separate experimental groups for each particular treatment, but relies upon matching every subject in one group with an equivalent in another
What is matched-subjects design?
Jimmy does not mind flying, but he recently heard about a plane that crashed that recently occurred due to technical difficulties. Before he gets on the plane he screams to the fellow boarders, “shoot, I think this one is going down, boys. Nice knowing you.” What is Jimmy using in his mind to draw this conclusion?
Availability Heuristic
The act of taking away someone’s voluntary choice to participant through either negative or positive means
What is coercion?
This tests whether concepts or measurements that are not supposed to be related are actually unrelated.
Discriminant validity
Within-subjects design controls _______ variables.
What is subject?
The researcher assigns participants or groups of participants to one of several conditions to discover the differences between the groups
What is a between-subjects design
This type of bias makes it challenging for researchers to convince the public that findings are important and new
What is the hindsight bias?
What is the correct order for an APA style citation?
Lastname, A. (year). Title of the journal article. Title Of The Journal, #(#), #-#.
If it measures what it is supposed to measure vs another term for consistency
What is validity vs. reliability?
Explains the relation between the independent (predictor) and the dependent (criterion) variable. It explains how or why there is a relation between two variables.
What is a mediating variable?
The researcher assigns each participant to all conditions
What is a within-subjects design
A study is designed that follows differently aged cohorts over a 10-year period. This study contains elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.
What is a cross-sequential design?
What is the correct order for an APA style research paper?
Title page, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, References, Tables, Appendices
What’s the difference between internal validity and external validity?
Internal validity allows you to conclude that a certain variable is the direct cause of a certain outcome, while External validity is the degree to which conclusions drawn from a particular set of results can be generalized to other samples and situations.
A variable that affects the strength of the relation between the predictor and criterion variable
What is a moderator?
When at least one of the independent variables is not able to be randomly assigned (e.g., gender).
What is a quasi-experiment?