Scales
This scale's characteristics are interval and have a meaningful 0 value
What is a ratio scale?
Measures and visualizes brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow
What is fMRI?
The ability of a test to detect an effect if one exists
What is statistical power?
A method used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to observe different areas of the brain or other organs, which are found to be active at any given time.
What is a BOLD (blood-oxygen-level dependent) imaging?
Where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from among their acquaintances
What is snowball sampling?
Political party affiliation is an example of this scale type
What is nominal?
A noninvasive form of brain stimulation. The devices operate completely outside of the body and affect central nervous system activity by applying powerful magnetic fields to specific areas of the brain
What is TMS (transcranial direct stimulation)?
When John analyzed his data, he found a trending difference between his two conditions. In the hope of detecting a significant effect and getting his study published, John decides to double his sample size and run more participants. He analyzes his data again and finds p=0.07. He runs 1 more participants and finds that p is not equal to 0.058. He runs two more participants and then finds p=0.049. John is guilty of this.
What is p-hacking?
According to this document, 1) Researchers should protect the autonomy of participants, obtain their informed consent, and treat them with courtesy. 2) Researchers are obliged to do no harm and at the same time to maximize the study's potential benefits. 3) There should be fair administration of carefully considered procedures and non-exploitative selection of participants, so that people of all races, ethnicities and incomes can benefit from research.
What is the Belmont Report?
A sampling technique wherein the assembled sample has the same proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics, traits or focused phenomenon
What is quota sampling?
Rankings of students according to aggressiveness is an example of this scale type
What is ordinal?
During the procedure, electrodes consisting of small metal discs with thin wires are pasted onto your scalp. The electrodes detect tiny electrical charges that result from the activity of your brain cells.
What is EEG?
A number that expresses the likelihood that a given experimental finding would have occurred by chance alone
What is a p value (probability level)?
An experimental technique for assigning human participants or animal subjects to different groups in an experiment (e.g., a treatment group versus a control group) using randomization, such as by a chance procedure (e.g., flipping a coin) or a random number generator.
What is random assignment?
A type of sampling where the researcher divides the population into separate groups. Then, a simple random sample of groups is selected from the population. The researcher conducts his analysis on data from the sampled groups.
What is cluster sampling?
Temperature in degrees centigrade or fahrenheit is an example of this scale type
What is interval?
A technique that uses light and measures the extent to which it reflect.
What is NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy)?
This type of statistical test is used to determine the smallest sample size that is suitable to detect the effect of a given test at the desired level of significance.
What is an a priori power analysis?
This type of inferential statistics is used when your data is nominal or ordinal, not normally distributed, or has unequal variance.
What are non-parametric statistics?
A method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups formed based on members' shared attributes or characteristics.
What is stratified random sampling?
Traditionally, this scale of measurement is used by the Likert Scale
What is ordinal?
The measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific sensory, cognitive, or motor event
When calculating a p-value, this concept of a research design is evaluated to see whether or not it is rejected.
What is a null hypothesis?
Parametric tests measure these two types of data scales.
What are interval and ratio?
In this technique, each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected as subject. The entire process of sampling is done in a single step with each subject selected independently of the other members of the population.
What is random sampling?