One of the most controversial ethical issues related to research, _________ occurs either by omission (the withholding of information), or commission (intentionally misinforming participants about an aspect of the research).
What is deception?
100
This refers to the extent to which results of a research study can be generalized to different populations, settings, and conditions.
What is external validity?
100
In this type research design, each group of subjects participates in a different condition of the independent variable.
What is independent groups design?
100
A _______________ is the effect of one independent variable at one level of a second independent variable.
What is a simple main effect?
100
_______________ are confounds that serve as plausible alternative explanations for a research finding.
What are threats to internal validity?
200
In this type of research, researchers conduct their research in order to change people's lives for the better.
What is applied research?
200
This involves observing behavior in as many different locations and under as many different circumstances and conditions as possible.
What is situation sampling?
200
Uncontrolled variables are often referred to as _________.
What are threats to internal validity?
200
Whenever performance reaches a minimum or maximum in any condition of an experiment, it is know as ______ or _______.
What is the floor effect, the ceiling effect.
200
When participants are lost to an experiment, it is known as __________.
What is subject attrition?
300
The measures of behavior that are used to assess the effect (if any) of the independent variables are called ____________.
What are dependent variables?
300
Nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio are examples of __________________.
What are measurement scales?
300
There are times when it is more effective to have each subject participate in all the conditions of an experiment; these designs are called ___________.
What are repeated measures designs?
300
Researchers most often use _____________ when two or more independent variables are studied simultaneously in one experiment.
What is a complex design?
300
These are eight (8) things that would represent major classes of threats to internal validity.
What is history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, regression, subject attrition, selection, and addictive effects with selection.
400
This approach emphasizes direct observation and experimentation as a way of answering questions.
What is the empirical approach?
400
Expectations the researcher has can be a source of observer bias, known as this, if they lead to systematic errors in observation.
What are expectancy effects?
400
Researchers use __________________ to make sure that the independent variable is he only factor that differs systematically across the groups.
What are holding conditions constant?
400
In this type of experiment, the researcher contrasts treatment conditions for one individual whose behavior is being continually monitored.
What is a single case experiment?
400
Measures of central tendency include these three things.
What is the mean, median, and mode?
500
This can occur when researchers fail to recognize when experiences and values of their own culture affect their interpretations of behavior observed in other cultures.
What is ethnocentric bias?
500
Your text is right in identifying that this is probably the most important factor in dealing with observer bias.
What is the awareness that it might be present?
500
In its simplest form, ___________ can be used to balance practice effects in the complete design with as few as two administrators of each condition; it involves presenting conditions in a random order, followed by the opposite of that order.
What is ABBA counterbalancing?
500
The example of Leslie, a 9 year old girl with selective mutism, was a good example of the value of using this type of design.
What is a multiple baseline design across situations?
500
In this type of correlation, as the value of one measure increases, the value of the other measure decreases.